Table 2.
Inflammatory markers and mean daily macronutrient intake at baseline and following each intervention
| Variables | ET + P | ET + GTE | Control | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End | Δ | ES | Baseline | End | Δ | ES | Baseline | End | Δ | ES | |
| Weight (kg) | 67.2 ± 4.6 | 65.2 ± 4.4b , c | −1.6 ± 0.3 | 6.2 | 74.1 ± 4.9 | 71.9 ± 4.9b , e | −2.3 ± 0.4 | 5.9 | 70.0 ± 3.1 | 70.2 ± 3.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | −0.4 |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) | 26.8 ± 2.1 | 26.1 ± 2.0b , c | −0.6 ± 0.1 | 6.4 | 27.5 ± 2.3 | 26.7 ± 2.3b , e | −0.8 ± 0.1 | 6 | 27.6 ± 1.4 | 27.6 ± 1.4 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | −0.4 |
| BFP (%) | 37.1 ± 5.5 | 34.4 ± 5.3b , c | −2.7 ± 0.4 | 7.8 | 39.4 ± 3.7 | 34.9 ± 3.3b , e | −4.5 ± 0.7 | 6.5 | 39.8 ± 3.7 | 39.8 ± 3.8 | 0.0 ± 1.2 | –0.1 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.89 ± 0.04b , c | −0.01 ± 0.01 | 1.0 | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 0.89 ± 0.1b , e | −0.02 ± 0.01 | 2.0 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | –0.1 |
|
Irisin (ng/mL) |
138.0 ± 27.4 | 137.1 ± 26.8 | −0.9 ± 4.4 | 0.2 | 158.6 ± 35.9 | 159.0 ± 35.7 | 0.40 ± 6.1 | −0.1 | 136.2 ± 30.6 | 135.6 ± 29.4 | −0.6 ± 2.8 | 0.2 |
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Adiponectin (mg/mL) | 15.9 ± 1.1 | 19.2 ± 1.4b , c | 3.3 ± 0.8 | −4.1 | 16.3 ± 1.6 | 21.5 ± 1.1b , d | 5.3 ± 1.1 | −4.7 | 16.3 ± 1.5 | 16.0 ± 1.4a | −0.4 ± 0.4 | 0.3 |
| TNF‐α (pg/mL) | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.6 | −0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.3 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | −0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.6 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | 0.1 |
| hs‐CRP (mg/L) | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.3 ± 0.4b , c | −0.4 ± 0.2 | 2.3 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 2.5 ± 0.7b , d | −1.0 ± 0.3 | 3.5 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | −0.1 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1897 ± 270 | 1820 ± 318 | −87 ± 42 | 0.2 | 1926 ± 366 | 1815 ± 274 | −109 ± 52 | 0.3 | 1901 ± 470 | 1863 ± 407 | −37 ± 61 | 0.1 |
| Protein (g/day) | 58.5 ± 10.3 | 52.4 ± 12.2 | −6.1 ± 1.8 | 0.4 | 61.4 ± 17.4 | 55.5 ± 12.4 | −5.9 ± 1.4 | 0.4 | 51.1 ± 18.0 | 53.7 ± 15.8 | 2.6 ± 8.3 | 0.1 |
| Fat (g/day) | 60.1 ± 12.1 | 54.0 ± 14.8 | −5.2 ± 1.2 | 0.4 | 58.8 ± 17.1 | 50.1 ± 11.6 | −8.5 ± 2.0 | 0.5 | 55.9 ± 17.1 | 55.0 ± 13.9 | −0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.1 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 280.4 ± 37.4 | 279 ± 49.0 | −1.0 ± 5.5 | 0.1 | 287.8 ± 46.7 | 285.3 ± 53.8 | −2.5 ± 4.2 | 0.1 | 297.1 ± 76.5 | 288.3 ± 65.3 | −8.9 ± 6.5 | 0.1 |
All values are means ± SD. n = 10 in each group. ET: endurance training; P: placebo; GTE: green tea extract; Δ: change; ES: effect size (Cohen's d); BMI: body mass index; BFP: body fat percentage; WHR: waist to hip ratio; IL‐6: interleukin 6; TNF‐α: tumour necrosis factor‐α; hs‐CRP: high sensitivity C‐ reactive protein.
a
P < .05 different from baseline,
b
P < .01 different from baseline,
c
P < .01 different from control group,
d
P < .05 different from ET + P and control groups,
e
P < .01 different from ET + P and control groups.