Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study subjects according to quartiles of total polyphenol intake (n = 29,079)

	Quartiles of total polyphenol intake (energy-adjusted) (mg/day)
	Q1 < 501.9	Q2 501.9–705.7	Q3 705.7–951.6	Q4 > 951.6
n	7270	7270	7270	7269
Age, years	58.9 ± 12.4	56.4 ± 12.9	54.7 ± 12.7	48.4 ± 9.9
Female, %	44.5	55.9	61.8	54.2
Married, %	81.5	81.1	81.6	86.5
Years of education, %
≤ 11	76.1	67.3	59.0	45.7
12–14	19.7	26.6	32.4	41.2
≥ 15	4.1	6.1	8.5	13.1
Smoking, %
Never	49.1	55.1	56.7	43.0
Former	20.9	17.3	14.4	11.1
Current	29.6	27.8	28.9	45.9
History of hypertension, %	23.3	20.2	17.3	11.5
History of diabetes, %	4.7	4.1	4.1	3.8
Height, cm	157.4 ± 9.2	157.2 ± 9.3	157.1 ± 9.0	159.8 ± 8.7
BMI, kg/m2	22.2 ± 2.9	22.1 ± 2.9	22.2 ± 2.8	22.3 ± 2.8
Exercise, METs-h/week	21.3 ± 35.5	21.6 ± 34.7	23.3 ± 36.3	24.2 ± 36.6
Alcohol intake, mg/day	27.3 ± 39.1	21.8 ± 33.4	20.0 ± 31.8	24.9 ± 35.3
Dietary intake
Total energy, kcal/day	2435 ± 931	2306 ± 799	2243 ± 820	2444 ± 877
Polyunsaturated fat, g/day	14.8 ± 7.7	14.4 ± 6.7	14.4 ± 6.6	15.5 ± 7.0
Dietary fiber, g/day	16.0 ± 8.8	16.1 ± 8.6	16.5 ± 8.6	17.2 ± 9.3
Salt, g/day	13.6 ± 6.6	13.3 ± 6.0	13.4 ± 5.9	14.1 ± 6.2
Polyphenol intake (energy-adjusted), mg/day
Total (beverages + foods)	357 ± 104	612 ± 58	816 ± 72	1250 ± 266
Beverages	114 ± 106	352 ± 87	539 ± 106	976 ± 278
Coffee	37 ± 57	113 ± 124	188 ± 163	614 ± 322
Green tea	31 ± 74	166 ± 138	252 ± 145	219 ± 160
Other beverages	47 ± 65	73 ± 88	99 ± 109	143 ± 154
Foods	243 ± 74	261 ± 73	277 ± 78	274 ± 92
Seasoning	71 ± 24	72 ± 22	74 ± 23	72 ± 24
Vegetables	51 ± 30	55 ± 31	59 ± 33	57 ± 38
Fruits	33 ± 32	40 ± 34	46 ± 39	48 ± 50
Pulses	28 ± 19	29 ± 20	30 ± 20	27 ± 21
Other foods	61 ± 25	65 ± 25	68 ± 25	69 ± 29

Values are mean ± SDs or %

BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent