Figure 8.

Representative electron micrographs (EM) of primary SMNs in the control (A) and OGD group (B). The ultrastructural changes in primary SMNs after OGD injury are shown, and distinct autophagic structures are marked: autophagosome (AP), autolysosome (AL), mitochondria (M), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cell nucleus (N). (A) The neuronal soma was plump and showed a normal morphology, with intact nuclear and plasma membranes. In addition, the mitochondria had a dense matrix and neatly aligned cristae, and no signs of autophagy were observed. (B) After OGD insults, crescent-shaped or goblet-like phagophores with double- or multiple-layer membrane structures and formation of autophagosomes can be observed, and autophagic vacuoles fused with lysosomes to form autolysosomes with single-layer membrane structures can also be seen. Images shown are representative examples from three independent experiments. Scale bars presents 200 nm.