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. 2020 Mar 26;10:5523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62497-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protective effects of LPF and SPFC against goblet cell destruction in rats with DSS-induced acute colitis. The middle portions of distal colons were stained with alcian blue (A), and the numbers of goblet cells in the crypts were counted (B) in rats with DSS-induced acute colitis. (n = 6 per group, at least 5 parts were evaluated for each sample). The numbers of goblet cells/crypts are expressed as the mean ± SD. Mann-Whitney test was performed. NC: the negative control group; Model: the 5% DSS-induced colitis group; LPF: the 5% DSS and live P. freudenreichii-treated group; RCM: the 5% DSS and reinforced clostridial medium-treated group; SPFC: the 5% DSS and supernatant of P. freudenreichii culture-treated group.