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. 2020 Mar 26;10:5489. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62453-6

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Geographic distribution of RVFV seropositivity across the study area in all unvaccinated livestock, and in cattle, sheep and goats, produced using a generalized additive model with a Gaussian process basis function. Black dots indicate sampling locations; grey areas demarcate major urban and suburban areas (Bloemfontein and Kimberley). Top panels show mean annual rainfall, elevation above mean sea level and major biomes for the study area. The map was constructed for this publication in Esri ArcGIS 10.2 (https://www.esri.com) and R version 3.5.1⁶⁶, using the packages “ggplot2”, “gridExtra”, “rgdal”, “sp”, “raster”, “metR”, “ggspatial” and “viridis” (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/) and assembled in Inkscape 0.92 (https://inkscape.org), using country and province boundaries, rainfall and elevation data from Esri ArcGIS Online (https://www.esri.com/en-us/store/arcgis-online), biome and urban area data (https://africaopendata.org) available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, and coordinates recorded on the farms during the study.