Fig. 2.

Arylquin 1-induced cell death is independent of caspase, AIF, and Par-4. a, b Caki cells were pretreated with 20 μM z-VAD and 60 μM necrostatin-2 for 30 min, and then treated with 2 μM arylquin 1 for 24 h. c, d Caki cells were transiently transfected with control siRNA (siCont) and AIF siRNA (siAIF). After 24 h, Caki cells were treated with 2 μM arylquin 1 for 24 h. e Caki cells were transiently transfected with control siRNA (siCont) and Par-4 siRNA (siPar-4). After 24 h, Caki cells were treated with 2 μM arylquin 1 for 24 h. The cell morphology was examined using interference light microscopy (a, c). Cell viability was determined using the XTT assay (b, d, e). The protein expression levels of AIF, Par-4, and actin were determined by western blotting. The values in b, d, e represent the mean ± SEM from three independent samples. *p < 0.05 compared to the control