Table 3.
Group differences in NEFA MM parameters
| NEFA MM Parameters | Optimally Healthy Controls | Metabolic Syndrome | %Difference (Adjusted) | P Value | FSD [means (SD)] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| τ, min, * | 9.9 (7.4, 13.2) | 11.0 (9.4, 12.8) | 10.9% (−19.4, 52.7) | 0.52 | 0.126 (0.113) |
| R0, mmol/L* | 0.055 (0.020, 0.154) | 0.081 (0.048, 0.135) | 47% (−53, 356) | 0.51 | 2.452 (4.014) |
| NEFA0, µmol/L* | 378 (302, 473) | 407 (364, 458) | 8% (−16, 38) | 0.55 | 0.020 (0.019) |
| kc, %/min* | 6.8 (4.8, 9.6) | 3.6 (3.0, 4.3) | −47% (−64, −22) | 0.002 | 0.259 (0.316) |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1* | 35.7 (29.2, 43.7) | 31.5 (28.3, 35.0) | −12% (−29, 10) | 0.27 | 0.378 (0.395) |
| KNEFA, %/min* | 6.7 (5.4, 8.2) | 5.1 (4.6, 5.8) | −23% (−39, −2) | 0.03 | 0.285 (0.329) |
| gs, mmol/L* | 5.2 (4.6, 5.9) | 6.9 (6.5, 7.4) | 32% (15, 52) | 0.0002 | 0.306 (0.521) |
| Φ, mmol/L* | 0.14 (0.09, 0.22) | 0.26 (0.20, 0.32) | 81% (12, 192) | 0.02 | 1.645 (3.249) |
| LIP0, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 23.4 (17.5, 29.2) | 23.5 (20.4, 26.5) | 0% (−27, 28) | 0.98 | |
| CL0, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 27.9 (21.9, 33.9) | 23.5 (20.4, 26.6) | −19% (−47, 9) | 0.19 | |
| %Suppression | 78.1 (71.8, 84.4) | 62.9 (59.7, 66.2) | −24% (−35, −13) | <0.0001 |
Values are means (95% confidence interval). CL0, baseline nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) clearance rate; FSD, fractional standard deviation; gs, threshold plasma glucose concentration above which results in NEFA suppression after a delay of τ (latency, or delay time until NEFA levels begin to drop; min); LIP0, baseline NEFA secretion from adipose by lipolysis; MM, minimal models; NEFA0, baseline NEFA; kc, rate constant for movement of glucose from plasma to functional pool; KNEFA, rate constant for clearance of NEFA from the plasma; Φ, affinity constant altering rate of NEFA secretion in the plasma (SNEFA); R0, initial concentrations of glucose in the functional pool. Effect size is difference adjusted for age and sex, with P < 0.05 considered significant. Optimally healthy controls (OptHC), n = 14; metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), n = 52; R2 [means (SD; range)] = 90.1% (8.0; 55.1, 98.3). Rows in boldface indicate a significant difference between OptHC and MetSyn.
Log-transformed to satisfy test assumptions.