Table 5.
Parameter group differences for individual fatty acid analysis
| Optimally Healthy Controls (n = 8) | Metabolic Syndrome (n = 7) | %Difference (Adjusted) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MA Parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 9.6 (4.3, 21.7) | 8.3 (3.3, 20.9) | −13% (−71, 162) | 0.80 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 12.4 (9.3, 16.6) | 12.1 (8.7, 16.8) | −2% (−34, 45) | 0.91 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 1.03 (0.51, 2.10) | 0.72 (0.32, 1.59) | −31% (−73, 82) | 0.47 |
| KNEFA, %/min | 7.5 (3.6, 15.5) | 4.5 (2.0, 10.3) | −39% (−77, 63) | 0.34 |
| gs, mmol/L | 6.1 (4.9, 7.7) | 8.6 (6.7, 11.1) | 40% (3, 91) | 0.05 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.09 (0.02, 0.40) | 0.24 (0.05, 1.30) | 172% (−64, 1958) | 0.35 |
| %Suppression | 69.2 (60.5, 77.9) | 43.6 (33.8, 53.4) | −37% (−54, −20) | 0.0013 |
| PA parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 12.4 (4.8, 32.2) | 8.6 (2.9, 25.1) | −31% (−81, 152) | 0.58 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 98.0 (73.3, 131.0) | 130.0 (93.8, 180.3) | 33% (−11, 97) | 0.18 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 14.4 (8.5, 24.3) | 11.8 (6.6, 21.3) | −18% (−60, 67) | 0.59 |
| KNEFA, %/min | 11.9 (7.0, 20.3) | 6.0 (2.7, 3.3) | −49.5% (−76, 4) | 0.09 |
| gs, mmol/L | 5.7 (4.1, 7.9) | 8.8 (6.1, 12.8) | 56% (0, 144) | 0.07 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.05 (0.01, 0.21) | 0.09 (0.02, 0.42) | 62% (−76, 993) | 0.63 |
| %Suppression | 85.2 (76.3, 94.0) | 54.2 (44.2, 64.1) | −36% (−50, −22) | 0.0003 |
| POA parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 10.4 (6.0, 17.9) | 14.6 (7.9, 27.2) | 41% (−33, 198) | 0.38 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 14.1 (9.6, 20.8) | 16.3 (10.5, 25.3) | 16% (−32, 96) | 0.60 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 2.73 (1.62, 4.58) | 1.28 (0.71, 2.30) | −53% (−77, −5) | 0.06 |
| KNEFA, %/min | 11.5 (6.3, 21.0) | 6.3 (3.1, 12.3) | −46% (−76, 22) | 0.16 |
| gs, mmol/L | 5.4 (4.3, 6.7) | 8.6 (7.0, 11.4) | 66% (24, 123) | 0.005 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.05 (0.01, 0.16) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.57) | 193% (−47, 1525) | 0.24 |
| %Suppression | 86.5 (80.9, 92.2) | 62.9 (56.5, 69.3) | −27% (−36, −18) | <0.0001 |
| OA Parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 12.8 (8.6, 19.1) | 13.0 (8.3, 20.4) | 1% (−41, 75) | 0.80 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 129.4 (94.4, 177.4) | 155.7 (109.1, 222.1) | 20% (−22, 85) | 0.41 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 19.8 (8.7, 45.2) | 11.2 (4.4, 28.3) | −44% (−82, 73) | 0.33 |
| KNEFA. %/min | 11.6 (5.6, 24.3) | 5.0 (2.2, 11.5) | −57% (−84, 17) | 0.12 |
| gs, mmol/L | 5.6 (4.5, 6.9) | 8.9 (7.0, 11.4) | 60% (20, 115) | 0.008 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.07 (0.02, 0.29) | 0.11 (0.02, 0.59) | 72% (−76, 1135) | 0.60 |
| %Suppression | 85.4 (79.9, 90.8) | 52.7 (46.5, 58.8) | −38% (−47, −30) | <0.0001 |
| LA Parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 14.1 (9.6, 20.6) | 12.3 (8.0, 18.9) | −13% (−48, 46) | 0.61 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 76.2 (57.8, 100.3) | 84.2 (61.7, 114.8) | 10% (−96, 56) | 0.61 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 9.7 (4.3, 22.2) | 6.3 (2.5, 15.9) | −35% (−79, 97) | 0.45 |
| KNEFA, %/min | 11.7 (6.2, 22.1) | 5.3 (2.6, 10.8) | −55% (−81, 7) | 0.10 |
| gs, mmol/L | 5.8 (4.5, 7.4) | 9.5 (7.2, 12.6) | 65% (18, 130) | 0.01 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.09 (0.02, 0.38) | 0.09 (0.02, 0.42) | −7% (−87, 537) | 0.94 |
| %Suppression | 82.6 (76.3, 88.8) | 52.5 (45.4, 59.5) | −37% (−47, −26) | <0.0001 |
| ALA Parameters | ||||
| τ, min | 9.2 (4.9, 17.2) | 10.4 (5.1, 21.1) | 13% (−52, 165) | 0.78 |
| R0, mmol/L | 0.069 (0.018, 0.260) | 0.018 (0.004, 0.080) | −74% (−96, 56) | 0.16 |
| NEFA0, µmol/L | 4.2 (3.0, 5.8) | 4.9 (3.4, 7.0) | 15% (−26, 80) | 0.53 |
| kc, %/min | 4.0 (2.9, 5.5) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.4) | 47% (−4, 124) | 0.10 |
| SNEFA, µmol·L−1·min−1 | 0.56 (0.21, 1.46) | 0.49 (0.17, 1.45) | −12% (−76, 226) | 0.85 |
| KNEFA, %/min | 11.0 (5.6, 21.3) | 6.8 (3.2, 14.1) | −39% (−75, 50) | 0.30 |
| gs, mmol/L | 5.9 (4.8, 7.2) | 8.5 (6.7, 10.7) | 44% (9, 90) | 0.02 |
| Φ, mmol/L | 0.08 (0.02, 0.28) | 0.13 (0.03, 0.58) | 76% (−70, 948) | 0.54 |
| %Suppression | 82.5 (76.6, 88.5) | 59.6 (52.9, 66.3) | −28% (−38, −18) | 0.0002 |
Values are mean (95% confidence interval; model did not converge for stearic acid parameters). ALA, α-linolenic acid; gs, threshold plasma glucose concentration above which results in nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) suppression after a delay of τ (latency, or delay time until NEFA levels begin to drop; min); kc, rate constant for movement of glucose from plasma to functional pool; KNEFA, rate constant for clearance of NEFA from the plasma; LA, linoleic acid; MA, myristic acid; NEFA0, baseline NEFA; OA, oleic acid; R0, initial concentrations of glucose in the functional pool; SNEFA, rate of NEFA secretion in the plasma; Φ, affinity constant altering SNEFA; PA, palmitic acid; POA, palmitoleic acid. Effect size is difference adjusted for age and sex, with P < 0.05 considered significant. Optimally healthy controls (OptHC), n = 14; metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), n = 52; R2 [means (SD; range)] = 90.1% (8.0; 55.1, 98.3). All parameter data, except for %suppression, were log-tranformed to satisfy test assumptions. Rows in boldface indicate a significant difference between OptHC and MetSyn.