Table 2.
Summary of hemodynamic parameters calculated from the simulated echo measurements using the PISA method based on the average of four instances in systole
| M&I P1 | M&I P2 | P2&P3 | P2&P1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| True PISA EROA, cm2 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 1.10 | 0.97 |
| 3D-echo PISA EROA, cm2 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.92 | 0.84 |
| 3D-HE PISA EROA, cm2 | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.66 | 0.60 |
| 2D-A2ch PISA EROA, cm2 | 0.13 | 0.61 | 0.93 | 1.39 |
| 2D-A4ch PISA EROA, cm2 | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.82 | 0.58 |
| True PISA RVolMV, mL (%) | 12.0 (−19) | 30.6 (26) | 91.4 (94) | 88.4 (72) |
| 3D-echo PISA RVolMV, mL (%) | 10.3 (−30) | 26.4 (95) | 76.8 (63) | 76.5 (48) |
| 3D-HE PISA RVolMV, mL (%) | 7.8 (−47) | 21.1 (−13) | 54.7 (16) | 54.9 (7) |
| 2D-A2ch PISA RVolMV, mL (%) | 9.6 (−35) | 51.3 (111) | 77.3 (64) | 127.5 (147) |
| 2D-A4ch PISA RVolMV, mL (%) | 7.2 (−52) | 26.3 (8) | 68.6 (45) | 53.4 (4) |
Values in parenthesis denote the relative percentage error with respect to the ground truth values (i.e., FSI-RVolMV). 2D, two-dimensional; 3D, three-dimensional; A2ch, apical two-chamber; A4ch, apical four-chamber; echo, echocardiography; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FSI, fluid-structure interaction; M&I, marginal and intermediate; MV, mitral valve; PISA, proximal isovelocity surface area; RVol, regurgitant volume; HE, hemielliptic.