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. 2020 Jan 22;318(3):R634–R648. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00317.2019

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

A: blockade of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) with SHU9119 decreases lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in obesity-prone (OP, n = 9), but not obesity-resistant (OR, n = 8) and control (CON, n = 6), rats. Top: representative LSNA traces. Bottom: grouped data showing time course of changes (left) and maximal changes (right) in LSNA (at 7.4 ± 1.0 min), HR (at 9.6 ± 1.7 min), and MAP (at 11.5 ± 2.1 min). Two-way repeated-measures (RM) ANOVA revealed significant group (P = 0002), time (P < 0.0001), and interaction (P < 0.0001) for LSNA; significant group (P < 0.05), time (P < 0.01), and interaction (P < 0.0001) for HR; and significant group (P < 0.05), but not time or interaction, for MAP. *P < 0.05 vs. baseline (0); †P < 0.05 vs. OR and CON. B, left: nanoinjections of kynurenate (KYN) into the PVN decreased LSNA and MAP in OP (n = 4), but not OR (n = 2) or CON (n = 2), rats. HR was not altered in any group (data not shown). *P < 0.05 vs. basal; †P < 0.05 vs. CON/OR (by 2-way RM ANOVA). B, right: histological maps showing injection sites in OP and OR/CON rats.