Body weight and cardiovascular changes during 24 wk of diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet in wild-type mice. A: the changes of body weight and food consumption (n = 8–10 per group). B: the changes of systolic and diastolic function and pulmonary artery flow assessed by echocardiography (n = 8–10 per group). Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were highest, and pulmonary acceleration time-to-pulmonary ejection time (PAT/PET) ratio was lowest between 3 and 7 wk of DDC diet. HR, heart rate; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole; LVIDs, left ventricular internal diameter at end systole; IVS, interventricular septum; LVPW, left ventricular posterior wall; E/A ratio, ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities on transmitral Doppler; E/e′ ratio, ratio of early filling velocity on transmitral Doppler (E) to early relaxation velocity on tissue Doppler (e′).Values are means ± SE. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, compared with chow-fed mice.