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. 2020 Mar 20;8:185. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00185

TABLE 2.

Highlighted miRNAs mediate homeostasis of the vascular wall.

MiRNAs Expression Target Function Inverse (negative) regulated by References
Healthy ECs
miR-155 ↓(Down) Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) Endothelium, vascular relaxation Inflammatory factor (TNF-α) (↑ miR-155) Ballantyne et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2019
miR-126 ↑(Up) Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) Angiogenesis Sprouty-related EVH1 domain 1 (SPRED-1) (↓ miR-126) Alique et al., 2019; Ballantyne et al., 2019
Physiological VSMC phenotype
miR-21 ↑(Up) Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression SMC proliferation and survival (anti-apoptotic) Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) Maegdefessel et al., 2015; Ballantyne et al., 2019
miR-143/145 cluster ↑(Up) Transcription factors such as Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-4, (miR-145), KLF5, and ELK-1 VSMCs contractility and proliferation Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), KLF-4, myocardin Maegdefessel et al., 2013; Maegdefessel et al., 2015; Metzinger-Le Meuth et al., 2017; Ballantyne et al., 2019; Vacante et al., 2019