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. 2020 Mar 20;11:386. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00386

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Copyright © 2020 Busse, Campe, Redlich, Oettel, Hartig, Costa and Zenclussen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Secretion of cytokines by maternal peripheral blood B cells immediate before delivery. Isolated maternal B cells were stimulated with LPS or CpG alone or combined with CD40L for 72 h. Supernatant was harvested, and the cytokine level was determined using a Th panel multiplex bead-based assay. Presented are the levels of IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), IL-21 (C), and IFN-γ (D). Shown are the mean values and the SD. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons test; *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.