. 2012 Jan 18;82(1):209–224. doi: 10.1007/s40011-011-0016-7

Table 1.

Plants showing anti-viral activity in CDRI’s biological screening program

No.	Family & plant	Part	Activity	References
	Acanthaceae
1.	Adhatoda vasica	Rt	R	[3]
2.	Barleria cuspidata	Pl	R, r	[7, 15]
3.	Niligirianthus ciliatus	Px^a	V	[12]
4.	Strobilanthus wightianus	Px	R, r	[7, 15]
	Anacardiaceae
5.	Cotinus coggygria	Px	R	[3]
6.	Pistacia integerrima	Sb	R	[3]
7.	Rhus parviflora	Px	V, v, C	[5, 15]
8.	Rhus succedanea	Lf	R, r	[3, 15]
9.	Rhus succedanea	Px	R	[12]
	Annonaceae
10.	Miliusa macrocarpa	Px	R	[12]
	Apiaceae
11.	Pimpinella diversifolia	Pl	R	[3]
	Apocynaceae
12.	Ichnocarpus frutescens	Pl	R	[3]
	Aquifoliaceae
13.	Ilex wightiana	Px^a	V	[12]
	Araliaceae
14.	Hedera colchica	Px	R	[5]
15.	Schefflera rostrata	Lf, In	R	[12]
16.	Schefflera wallichiana	St	R	[12]
	Asclepiadeaceae
17.	Hemidesmus indicus	Pl	R, r	[3, 15]
	Aspidiaceae
18.	Polystichum biaristatum	Pl^a	R	[12]
	Asteraceae
19.	Artemesia parviflora	Pl	V	[6]
20.	Cnicus walichii	Pl	R	[3]
21.	Conyza visicidula	Pl	V,	[5]
22.	Eclipta alba	Pl	R	[3]
23.	Lagascea molis	Pl	r, V	[6, 15]
24.	Laggera pierodanta	Pl	R	[5]
25.	Saussurea obvallata	Fl	R	[11]
26.	Siegesbeckia orientalis	Pl	R, r	[3, 15]
27.	Senecio tenuifolius	Pl	R, r, v, C	[8, 15]
28.	Tagetes erecta	Pl	R	[4]
29.	Tagetes minuta	Pl	R, r	[4, 15]
30.	Vernonia cineria	Pl	R	[3]
31.	Vittadinia australis	Pl	V	[4]
	Berberidaceae
32.	Berberis lyceum	Rt	R	[3]
	Betulaceae
33.	Alnus nepalensis	Px	R	[12]
34.	Alnus nitida	Sb	R, V	[6]
	Bignoniaceae
35.	Heterophragma adenophyllum	Px	V	[5]
36.	Stereospermum suaveolens	Rt	R, r, C	[3, 15]
	Bixaceae
37.	Bixa orellana	Fr^a	V	[12]
	Bombacaceae
38.	Salmalia malabarica	Fl	R, r	[3, 15]
	Brassicaceae
39.	Descurainia sophia	Pl	R	[10]
	Caesalpiniaceae
40.	Caesalpinia bonducella	Rt	V	[3]
41.	Cassia auriculata	Px^a	R, r	[3, 15]
42.	Cassia auriculata	Rt	V, v	[3, 15]
43.	Cassia fistula	Sb^a	R, r, v, C	[3, 15]
44.	Cassia fistula	Pd^a	R, V	[3]
45.	Cassia tora	Pl	R	[3]
46.	Caesalpinia sepiaria	Rt	R,V	[4]
47.	Hardwickia binata	Pl	R, r, v	[5, 15]
48.	Tamarindus indica	Fl	R	[3]
	Capparaceae
49.	Capparis multiflora	Px	R	[12]
50.	Capparis longispina	Px	R	[3]
	Caprifoliaceae
51.	Lonicera leschenaultii	Px	R	[11]
	Celastraceae
52.	Euonymus angulatus	Px^a	R	[13]
53.	Salacia roxburghii	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
	Combretaceae
54.	Terminalia chebula	Fr	R	[3]
55.	Terminalia chebula	Lf	R	[11]
56.	Terminalia chebula	Sw	R, r	[11, 15]
57.	Terminalia paniculata	Px^a	R, C	[12]
	Connaraceae
58.	Connarus wighti	Px	R	[6]
	Convolvulaceae
59.	Cuscuta reflexa	Px	R, r	[4, 15]
	Cucurbitaceae
60.	Cucumis callosus	Px	R,V	[12]
	Cupressaceae
61.	Cupressus torulosa	Px	R,	[7]
	Cyperaceae
62.	Carex obscura	Pl	R	[10]
63.	Cyperus niveus	Pl	R, r	[3, 15]
64.	Cyperus pangorei	Pl^a	V	[12]
	Dilleniaceae
65.	Dillenia pentagyna	Sb^a	R	[14]
	Dipterocarpaceae
66.	Shorea robusta	Px^a	R	[10]
	Ebenaceae
67.	Diospyros chloroxylon	Px	R	[6]
68.	Diospyros marmorata	Px^a	R	[13]
69.	Diospyros peregrina	Sb	R, r	[3, 15]
70.	Maba nigrescens	Px	R, r, V, v	[6, 15]
	Elaeagnaceae
71.	Hippophae salicifolia	Sb^a	R	[11]
	Elaeocarpaceae
72.	Elaeocarpus tectorius	Lf^a	R, V	[11]
73.	Elaeocarpus glandulosus	Px	R, C	[12]
	Ericaceae
74.	Agapetes odonalocera	Tu^a	R	[12]
75.	Rhododendron arboreum	Px^a	R	[14]
	Euphorbiaceae
76.	Aporosa villosula	Px	R	[13]
77.	Baccaurea ramiflora	Fr	S	[14]
78.	Bridelia retusa	Sb^a	R, r, C	[5, 15]
79.	Bridelia squamosa	Px	R	[6]
80.	Euphorbia prolifera	Pl	R, C	[3]
81.	Euphorbia royleana	St	R	[3]
82.	Glochidion hohenackerii	Px	R	[3]
83.	Glochidion subsessile	Px	R	[12]
84.	Glochidion zeylanicum	Px^a	R	[12]
85.	Jatropha glandulifera	Px	R, r	[10, 15]
86.	Kirganelia reticulata	Px	R	[3]
87.	Kirganelia tanarius	Px	R,V	[12]
88.	Mallotus resinosus	Px	R,V	[12]
89.	Margaritaria indica	Px	V	[12]
90.	Ricinus communis	Lf	V	[3]
91.	Emblica officinalis	Fr	R	[3]
	Fabaceae
92.	Crotolaria semperflorens	Px	R	[11]
93.	Dunbaria ferruginea	Px^a	R	[12]
94.	Indigofera pulchella	Rt	V	[3]
95.	Indigofera cassioides	Px^a	R	[12]
96.	Mundulea sericeae	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
97.	Ougeinia oojeinensis	Sb	R	[3]
98.	Phaseolus trilobus	Pl	V	[5]
99.	Sesbania procumbens	Px	R	[14]
100.	Sesbania sesban	Px	R	[6]
101.	Sophora glauca	Px	R	[7]
102.	Uraria lagopoides	Pl	R, r	[4, 15]
103.	Wisteria chinensis	Px	R	[12]
	Fagaceae
104.	Castanea sativa	Sb	R	[3]
105.	Castanopsis indica	Sb	R, r, C	[7, 15]
106.	Fagus sylvatica	Px	r, V	[5, 15]
107.	Lithocarpus dealbatus	Sb	R	[11]
108.	Lithocarpus dealbatus	Fr	R	[11]
109.	Lithocarpus dealbatus	Lf, Tw	R	[11]
110.	Quercus himalayana	Px	V	[11]
111.	Quercus lamellosa	Sb	R, r, V, v	[3, 15]
112.	Quercus lanceafolia	Sb	R, r, V, v	[3, 15]
113.	Quercus lineata	Sb	R	[3]
114.	Quercus pachyphylla	Sb	R	[3]
115.	Quercus thomsonii	Px^a	R	[12]
	Gentianaceae
116.	Canscora diffusa	Pl	R	[4]
	Guttiferae
117.	Garcinia talbotii	Pl	r, V	[5, 15]
	Hippocrateaceae
118.	Loeseneriella arnottiana	Px^a	R	[13]
	Juglandaceae
119.	Juglans regia	Lf	V	[6]
	Lamiaceae
120.	Leonurus sibiricus	Pl	V	[5]
121.	Leucas prostrata	Pl^a	V	[12]
122.	Rabdosia coetsa	Px	R	[11]
123.	Teucrium quadrifarium	Pl	r, V	[6, 15]
124.	Teucrium royleanum	Pl	R	[10]
	Lauraceae
125.	Cinnamomum iners	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
126.	Lindera pulcherrima	Px	R	[9]
127.	Litsea coriacea	Px	R	[13]
128.	Machilus gamblei	Lf	R	[3]
	Liliaceae
129.	Scilla hyacinthiana	Bu	S	[14]
	Loranthaceae
130.	Dendrophthoe falcata	Px	R, r	[4, 15]
131.	Dendrophthoe falcata	Px	V	[5]
132.	Helixanthera wallichiana	Px^a	R, V	[13]
	Lythraceae
133.	Lagerstroemia speciosa	Px	R	[4]
134.	Wodfordia fruticosa	Pl	R	[3]
	Malvaceae
135.	Thespesia populnea	Fr	R, r, C	[3, 15]
	Melastomataceae
136.	Melastoma normale	Pl	r, V	[4, 15]
137.	Memecylon umbellatum	Lf	R, C	[3]
	Meliaceae
138.	Aglaia anamallayana	Px^a	R	[13]
139.	Amoora wallichi	St	R, r, V, v	[3, 15]
140.	Melia azaderach	Sb	R, r	[4, 15]
	Menispermaceae
141.	Cocculus pendulus	Px	R, C	[4]
142.	Tinospora cardifolia	St	R	[3]
	Mimosaceae
143.	Abarema ungulata	Px	R	[13]
144.	Acacia auriculiformis	Px, Sb	r, v	[15]
145.	Acacia catechu	St	R	[3]
146.	Acacia raddiana	Px	R	[11]
147.	Albizzia procera	Px	r, V, C	[5, 15]
148.	Mimosa pudica	Pl	r, V	[4, 15]
	Moraceae
149.	Ficus hirta	Px^a	V	[12]
150.	Ficus religiosa	Sb	R, r	[3, 15]
	Moringaceae
151.	Moringa oleifera	Fr	V	[3]
	Myricaceae
152.	Myrica nagi	Sb	R	[3]
	Myristicaceae
153.	Knema linifolia	Sb	R	[14]
	Myrsinaceae
154.	Maesa chisea	Px	R	[7]
155.	Maesa indica	Px	V, v	[4, 15]
	Myrtaceae
156.	Eugenia codyensis	Px^a	R	[12]
157.	Eugenia mangifolia	Px	R	[11]
158.	Eugenia thwaitesii	Px^a	R	[12]
159.	Syzygium densiflorum	Px	R	[11]
160.	Syzygium kurzii	Px^a	S	[14]
161.	Syzygium occidentalis	Px	R	[12]
162.	Syzygium samarangense	Px	R,V	[12]
163.	Syzygium tetragonum	Px	R	[11]
	Ochnaceae
164.	Ochna integerrima	Px	R	[14]
	Oleaceae
165.	Olea polygama	Px	r, v	[17]
166.	Nyctanthes arbor-tristis	Fr	E	[14]
167.	Ximenia americana	Px	R	[6]
	Onagraceae
168.	Jussiaea suffruticosa	Pl	R, r, C	[7, 15]
169.	Ludwiga perensis	Pl	R, r	[4, 15]
	Orchidaceae
170.	Vanda spathulata	Pl	R, r	[7, 15]
	Papavaraceae
171.	Argemone mexicana	Pl	R	[3]
	Passifloraceae
172.	Passiflora mollissima	Px	R	[11]
	Pinaceae
173.	Cryptomeria japonica	Px	V	[4]
	Pittosporaceae
174.	Pittosporum tetraspermum	Px	R	[12]
	Plumbaginaceae
175.	Vogelia indica	Pl	R	[4]
	Poaceae
176.	Cynodon dactylon	Px^a	V	[3]
177.	Hordeum vulgare	Sd	R, r	[3, 15]
178.	Imperata cylindrica	Px	R, r	[5, 15]
179.	Isachne kunthiana	Pl	R	[12]
180.	Saccharum species	Lf	R	[11]
	Polygonaceae
181.	Polygonum glabrum	Px	R, r	[4, 15]
	Polypodiaceae
182.	Adiantum caudatum	Pl	R	[3]
183.	Asplenium nidus	Px	R, V	[12]
184.	Pseudodrynaria coronans	Rh^a	R	[12]
	Primulaceae
185.	Anagallis arvensis	Pl	R, r	[5, 15]
	Proteaceae
186.	Hakea saligna	Px	R	[7]
	Ranunculaceae
187.	Clematis buchanana	Px	V	[4]
188.	Clematis gouriyana	Px	R	[3]
	Rhamnaceae
189.	Scutia myrtima	Px	R, V	[3]
190.	Zizyphus glaberrima	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
191.	Zizyphus rugosa	Px^a	R	[13]
	Rosaceae
192.	Cotoneaster bacillaris	Px	R, r, V, v	[6, 15]
193.	Photinia integrifolia	Px	r, V	[5, 15]
194.	Prunus cornuta	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
195.	Rosa leschenaultii	Px	R	[11]
196.	Rubus hexagonus	Px	R	[11]
	Rubiaceae
197.	Cinchona ledgeriana	Lf	V, v	[6, 15]
198.	Gardenia jasminoides	Px	R, r	[4, 15]
199.	Gardenia turgida	Fr	R, C	[3]
200.	Ixora arborea	Px	r, V	[5, 15]
201.	Ixora nigricans	Px	R	[5]
202.	Psychotria truncata	Px	R, r,	[6, 15]
203.	Randia dumetorum	Sb	R	[3]
204.	Uncaria pilosa	Px	R	[12]
	Rutaceae
205.	Atalantia racemosa	Px	R, r	[5, 15]
206.	Evodia lunu-ankenda	Sb	R, r,	[7, 15]
207.	Paramignya monophylla	Px	R, C	[12]
	Sabiaceae
208.	Meliosma simplicifolia	Px	R	[11]
	Salicaceae
209.	Salix alba	Sb	R	[6]
210.	Salix babylonica	Pl	r, V	[4, 15]
	Samydaceae
211.	Casearia tomentosa	Px	R	[4]
	Santalaceae
212.	Osyris arborea	Lf	R	[3]
	Sapindaceae
213.	Allophylus serratus	Px	R, r	[6, 15]
	Sarauiaceae
214.	Saurauia roxburghii	Px	R	[7]
	Saxifragaceae
215.	Bergenia ligulata	Rh	R	[11]
	Scrophulariaceae
216.	Celsia coromandeliana	Pl	V, C	[4]
217.	Limnophila racemosa	Pl	V	[4]
	Solanaceae
218.	Atropa belladonna	Lf	R, r	[3, 15]
219.	Nicotiana plumbaginifolia	Pl	R, r, C	[4, 15]
220.	Solanum xanthocarpum	Pl	R, r, C	[3, 15]
221.	Withania somnifera	Pl	R, V	[3]
	Staphyleaceae
222.	Turpinea pomifera	Sb^a	J	[14]
	Sterculiaceae
223.	Byttneria grandifolia	Px^a	R	[14]
	Symplocaceae
224.	Symplocos paniculata	Lf	R, r	[3, 15]
	Theaceae
225.	Camellia japonica	Px^a	R	[12]
	Thymelaeaceae
226.	Lasiosiphon eriocephalus	St	R	[3]
	Tiliaceae
227.	Erinocarpus nimmonii	Lf	R, v	[11, 15]
228.	Grewia hirsuta	Px	R	[5]
229.	Grewia latifolia	Px	R, r	[4, 15]
230.	Tilia europaea	Px	R, r, C	[5, 15]
	Ulmaceae
231.	Ulmus wallichiana	Sb	R, r	[6, 15]
	Urticaceae
232.	Urtica dioica	Pl	R,	[10]
	Verbenaceae
233.	Gmelina arborea	Sb	R	[3]
234.	Vitex diversifolia	Px	R	[12]
	Vitaceae
235.	Cayratia auriculata	Fr	R	[12]
236.	Lea indica	Lf	R, r	[3, 15]
237.	Lea macrophylla	Px	V	[10]
	Zingiberaceae
238.	Cautleya spicata	Rt, Rh	R	[3]
239.	Costus speciosus	Pl	R, r, V, v	[6, 15]
240.	Zingiber capitatum	Pl	r, v	[15]
241.	Zingiber zerumbet	Rh	R	[11]
	Zygophyllaceae
242.	Fagonia critica	Px	R	[3]

Part used: Bu bulb, Fl flower, Fr fruit, Lf leaf, In inflorescence, Pd pod, Pl plant, Px plant without root, Rh rhizome, Rt root, Sb stem bark, St stem, Sw stem wood, Tu tuber, Tw twig

Activity: E encephalomyocarditis virus, J Japanese B encephalitis virus, R Ranikhet disease virus, r interferon induction, S semliki forest virus, V vaccinia virus, v interferon induction, C anticancer

^aActivity confirmed in fractions