Skip to main content
. 2013 Aug 20;28(2):145–159. doi: 10.1007/s40259-013-0062-1

Table 3.

Some promoters with their vectors used in plant molecular pharming to produce recombinant proteins in various host plants. Only transient or agroinfiltration transformation events are mentioned; all other events are stable transformation

Plant host Vector Promoter and other parts in the expression cassette Recombinant product/yield Reference
Tobacco leaves, tissue (transgenic/stable expression) pL32, a CaMV 35S promoter, murine heavy chain leader, HDEL IgG antibodies (yield is variable from 0.1 to 1.4 of TSP based on extraction techniques) [83]
Arabidopsis, tobacco, and petunia seeds (transgenic) pPphas.G4 Specific seeds β-phaseolin cassette promoter (pPphas), Ω leader, 5′UTR of tobacco mosaic virus; attR1, attR2, attL1, attL2, Gateway recombination site GAD (65 kDa), murine anti-inflammatory cytokine-IL-10 and proinsulin/yield in Arabidopsis: GAD: 7.7 % of TSP, IL-10: 0.70 % of TSP, proinsulin: 0.007 % of TSP [19, 81]
Barley seeds (transgenic) Pb22g1-12 Hordein promoter (0.42 kb) Human hematopoietic growth factor Fit3 ligand/12 mg of protein per kg of seeds [74]
Algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast (transgenic) p322 Chloroplast rbcL promoter, 5′UTR of hGAD65 and 3′UTR of rbcL and 5.7 kb inverted repeat region of C. reinhardtii chloroplast DNA hGAD65, accumulation to 0.25–2.3 % of TSP [13]
Rice cell suspension (transgenic) Gateway pAAmy3-mGM-CSF Promoter of the α-amy3 amylase gene, signal peptide sequence mGM-CSF/24.6 mg/L [76]
Soybean seeds (transgenic) pbcong3 α′ subunit of β-conglycinin seed-specific promoter and an α-Coixin signal peptide from Coix lacryma jobi fused to the hFIX gene 56 kDa hFIX/0.23 % of TSP (0.8 g in 1 kg seed) [125]
Carrot leaves and taproots (transgenic) pCBV16 vector 35S and root-specific Mll promoter, targeting signal of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia calreticulin apoplast Human interferon-α2b/up to 50.7 × 103 IU/g FW; accumulated in carrot plants for young leaves for taproot-expressing system/up to 16.5 × 103 IU/g FW [126]
Tobacco leaves (transient) pBIN19 tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 35S promoter (CaMV-P) (CaMV-T), terminator CaMV-P, 5′ and 3′ non-translated regions of Cowpea mosaic virus RNA-2, P19 gene-silencing suppressor. Actin2 or Hsp81.1 promoters. RdRp, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; movement protein; NLS signal HPV-8 L1 and its truncated L1△C22 (lack of 22 C-terminal amino acids)/fourfold (60 and 240 mg/kg infiltrated leaves) [107]
Transgenic tobacco leaves (transgenic) Binary Gateway pK7WG2 35S promoter; pA35S: CaMV 35S 3′ terminator; for mutated form, maize α-zein SP in 5′; KDEL, endoplasmic reticulum retention signal 65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65, GAD65mut, and GAD67/65mut). Inactive mutated form was produce with 10-fold higher yield than the active form (2.2 % of TSP) [100]
Rice suspension culture (transgenic) pCAMBIA3300 Double 35S promoter, (amylase RNAi: self-complementary ‘hairpin’ RNA (ihpRNA) of Ramy3D [sense sequence (tigger1), first intron of Ramy3D, linker and anti-sense sequence (trigger2)]. 3′UTR Reduction to 22 % of amylase accumulation and increase of hGM-CSF to 1.9-fold [104]

5′UTR 5′-untranslated region, CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus, FW fresh weight, GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase, HDEL His-Asp-Glu-Leu, hGAD65 human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, hFIX human coagulation factor IX, hGM-CSF human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, HPV-8 human papillomavirus-8, IL-10 interleukin-10, KDEL Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu, mGM-CSF mouse granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NLS nuclear localization signal, RNAi RNA interference, SP storage protein, TSP total soluble protein