Table 2.

Viral Inhibitors of NF-κB

Virus	Viral protein	Protein function
Adenovirus	E1A	Suppresses IKK activity and IκB degradation
	E1B	Suppresses NF-κB activity
	E3-14.7K	Binds to IKK and p50
	E3-10.4/14.5K	Regulator of Fas, inhibits TNF-α− induced NF-κB activation
African swine fever virus	A238L	Blocks IκB degradation
Hepatitis C virus	NS5A	Inhibits NF-κB activation signaled by TRAF2
	Core protein	Inhibits IKK complex
	NS3-4A	Protease cleaves MAVS from the mitochondria and disrupts RIG-I signaling
Human herpesvirus-8	K1	Tyrosine kinase immunoreceptor mediates constitutive Lyn kinase activation
Human immunodeficiency virus 1	Nef	Induces IκBα
Human papillomavirus	E7	Disrupts NF-κB activation by targeting the IKK complex
Influenza A	NS1	Binds dsRNA and blocks IFN effects
Microplitis demolitor bracovirus	H4, N5	IκB-like proteins
Molluscum contagiosum virus	MC159	Inhibits IκB degradation
	MC160	Destabilizes IKKα
Mumps virus	SH protein	Blocks TNF-mediated NF-κB activation
Myxoma virus	MNF	IκB-like protein inhibits NF-κB
Poliovirus	3C protease	Cleaves RelA
Sendai virus	V, C proteins	Blocks NF-κB activation
Vaccinia Virus	K1L	Inhibits IκB degradation
	A46R	Inhibits TLR3 signaling through TIR-like domain

Abbreviations: IKK, IκB kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.