Figure 1.

Biogenesis and composition of extracellular vesicles. (A) Diagram illustrates the well-accepted model for extracellular vesicle biogenesis. Microvesicles and ARMM [arrestin domain–containing protein 1 (ARRRDC1)–mediated microvesicles] originate from budding of plasma membrane, whereas exosomes from the endosomal compartment (multivesicular endosome). (B) EVs carry several bioactive molecules such as membrane and intraluminal proteins (e.g., adhesion molecules, MHCI), lipids (e.g., lipid raft, sphingomyelin, disaturated lipids, phosphatidylserine, ceramide), nucleic acids (miRNAs, genomic and mitochondrial DNA, and mRNA), and organelles.