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. 2020 Feb 20;10(1):010502. doi: 10.7189/jogh.10.010502

Table 2.

Demographic, socio-economic and health systems characteristics of women with timely ANC initiation among those with at least one ANC

ANC4+ coverage level Country Group 1 (<50% ANC4+) (n = 133 064)†
 Country Group 2 (50% -74% ANC4+) (n = 61 749)†
 Country Group 3 (≥75% ANC4+) (n = 49 154)†
 Pooled (n = 243 967)†
Women’s characteristics
 1st trimester
 2nd/3rd trimester
 1st trimester
 2nd/3rd trimester
 1st trimester
 2nd/3rd trimester
 1st trimester
 2nd/3rd trimester
Demographic and socio-economic
Median age at birth (IQR)
 24 (21-28)
 25 (21-29)
 26 (21-31)
 26 (21-31)
 26 (21-31)
 25 (21-31)
 25 (21-29)
 25 (21-30)
Residence:
Urban
 33.2*
 22.5
 39.0*
 30.7
 42.8
 40.3
 39.5*
 30.7
Rural
 66.8*
 77.5
 61.0*
 69.3
 57.2
 59.7
 60.5*
 69.3
Education:
No education
 35.9*
 43.3
 28.5*
 31.0
 11.0*
 18.2
 22.0*
 31.2
Primary
 33.1*
 37.3
 31.8*
 39.7
 26.0
 27.6
 29.4*
 35.5
Secondary/Higher
 31.0*
 19.4
 39.6*
 29.2
 63.0*
 54.3
 48.7*
 33.2
Number of HH members:
1-4
 27.8*
 24.3
 26.3*
 24.1
 29.9*
 25.5
 28.2*
 24.6
5-6
 28.2
 28.5
 28.1
 28.5
 32.2*
 28.8
 29.9*
 28.6
7+
 43.9*
 47.2
 45.7
 47.4
 37.9*
 45.7
 41.9*
 46.9
Sex of head of household:
Male
 87.2
 86.2
 76.6*
 78.5
 75.7*
 71.0
 78.3
 78.9
Female
 12.8
 13.8
 23.4*
 21.5
 24.3*
 29.0
 21.7
 21.1
Wealth index:
Q1 (poorest)
 15.8*
 21.8
 17.9*
 23.2
 21.0*
 26.3
 18.9*
 23.6
Q2
 17.1*
 22.3
 18.7*
 23.1
 20.7*
 22.9
 19.3*
 22.8
Q3
 19.3*
 20.9
 20.2
 21.6
 20.8
 20.4
 20.3
 21.1
Q4
 21.4
 20.2
 21.3*
 19.2
 19.7
 18.7
 20.6*
 19.4
Q5 (richest)
 26.4*
 14.8
 21.9*
 12.9
 17.9*
 11.6
 21.0*
 13.1
Birth order:
1
 28.9*
 21.6
 29.2*
 24.2
 32.1*
 27.9
 30.4*
 24.4
2-4
 49.2*
 46.5
 49.6
 48.4
 54.5*
 51.4
 51.7*
 48.6
5+
 21.9*
 31.8
 21.2*
 27.4
 13.5*
 20.7
 17.9*
 27.0
Preceding birth interval:
First child
 29.0*
 21.7
 29.4*
 24.3
 32.2*
 28.0
 30.6*
 24.5
≤2 y
 15.1*
 17.0
 13.4
 14.4
 12.6*
 14.2
 13.4*
 15.2
3-4 y
 42.9*
 49.4
 43.6*
 48.8
 35.7*
 41.2
 39.9*
 46.9
5+ years
 13.0
 11.9
 13.5
 12.5
 19.6*
 16.7
 16.1*
 13.5
Marital status:
Single
 3.1*
 4.9
 4.4*
 7.5
 7.3*
 14.9
 5.4*
 8.7
Married
 84.6*
 79.0
 82.4*
 75.0
 65.2*
 56.6
 75.2*
 71.1
Other
 12.3*
 16.1
 13.2*
 17.5
 27.5
 28.5
 19.4
 20.1
Health systems
Place of ANC:
Hospital
 37.8*
 27.6
 33.9*
 27.4
 35.4*
 31.9
 35.5*
 28.7
Health Center
 44.0
 46.2
 36.8*
 44.5
 27.4*
 34.1
 34.3*
 42.3
Other formal
 15.7*
 24.4
 26.3
 25.4
 36.1*
 31.9
 28.2
 26.8
Other informal
 2.4*
 1.8
 3.0
 2.7
 1.2*
 2.0
 2.1
 2.2
Sector of place for ANC:
Public formal
 76.7*
 84.4
 85.8*
 88.3
 81.4*
 88.4
 81.8*
 86.9
Private formal
 20.8*
 13.8
 11.2*
 8.9
 17.3*
 9.6
 16.1*
 10.9
Other/ informal
 2.5*
 1.8
 3.0
 2.7
 1.3*
 2.0
 2.1
 2.2
ANC content (4 components):
None
 6.1*
 11.6
 2.8*
 4.7
 1.0*
 2.4
 2.6*
 6.3
1 component
 14.1*
 21.4
 7.1*
 12.4
 7.2
 8.0
 8.5*
 14.1
2+ components
 79.8*
 67.0
 90.2*
 82.9
 91.8*
 89.7
 88.8*
 79.6
Place of delivery:
Health facility
 73.4*
 61.0
 71.6*
 63.9
 83.8*
 75.8
 77.4*
 66.3
Home
 25.8*
 37.9
 26.5*
 34.6
 15.2*
 23.1
 21.3*
 32.5
Other
 0.9
 1.1
 1.9
 1.5
 1.0
 1.0
 1.3
 1.2
Sector of place of delivery:
Public formal
 58.7*
 52.3
 62.5*
 55.4
 69.8*
 66.0
 65.0*
 57.4
Private formal
 14.7*
 8.7
 9.8
 8.8
 14.4*
 10.0
 12.8*
 9.1
Other informal
 26.7*
 39.0
 27.7*
 35.8
 15.8*
 24.1
 22.2*
 33.5
Attendant at birth:
Unskilled
 23.0*
 36.0
 21.7*
 31.8
 12.0*
 20.0
 17.6*
 29.9
Skilled 77.0* 64.0 78.3* 68.2 88.0* 80.0 82.4* 70.1

ANC – antenatal care, IQR – interquartile range, CI – confidence interval, HH – household members

*Non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals between women who initiated ANC in the first trimester and those who initiated ANC in the second or third trimester, for that characteristic.

†Note: n is unweighted.