Table 1.
Cohort characteristics
| Characteristic | Total (n = 301) | Non-fasting subgroup (n = 89; 30%) | Fasting subgroup (n = 212, 70%) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR) |
50 (46-54) |
52 (49-54) |
50 (46-54) |
0.0086 |
| Female sex (n, %) |
147 (49) |
45 (51) |
102 (48) |
0.698 |
| HIV-positive (n, %) |
154 (51) |
36 (40) |
118 (56) |
0.016 |
| BMI (n, %): |
0.132 |
|||
| -BMI cat <18 |
31 (10) |
10 (11) |
21 (10) |
|
| -BMI cat 18-25 |
194 (65) |
51 (57) |
143 (68) |
|
| -BMI cat 25-30 |
49 (16) |
15 (17) |
34 (16) |
|
| -BMI cat >30 |
27 (9) |
13 (15) |
14 (7) |
|
| High blood pressure†, (n, %) |
47 (16) |
17 (19) |
30 (14) |
0.359 |
| Smoking (n, %): |
0.668 |
|||
| -Never |
177 (59) |
55 (62) |
122 (58) |
|
| -Former |
90 (30) |
26 (29) |
64 (30) |
|
| -Current |
34 (11) |
8 (9) |
26 (12) |
|
| History of CVD (n, %) |
57 (19) |
17 (19) |
40 (19) |
0.962 |
| Physical activity‡ (n, %): |
0.400 |
|||
| -Low physical activity |
16 (5) |
7 (8) |
9 (4) |
|
| -Moderate physical activity |
41 (14) |
13 (15) |
28 (13) |
|
| -High physical activity |
244 (81) |
69 (77) |
175 (83) |
|
| HDL cholesterol level (mg/dL) (mean, SD) |
45.99 (13.53) |
45.67 (13.17) |
46.12 (13.71) |
0.794 |
| LDL cholesterol level§ (mg/dL) (mean, SD) |
87.18 (30.99) |
84.80 (30.07) |
88.18 (31.37) |
0.389 |
| TG level (mg/dL) (median, IQR) |
117 (92-160) |
130 (95-178) |
114 (91.5-153.5) |
0.052 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol level (mg/dL) (mean, SD) |
114.22 (34.25) |
114.13 (34.50) |
114.25 (34.22) |
0.979 |
| Total cholesterol level (mg/dL) (mean, SD) | 160.21 (36.04) | 159.81 (33.96) | 160.37 (36.95) | 0.902 |
IQR – interquartile range, BMI – body mass index, CVD – cardiovascular disease, HDL – high-density lipoprotein, LDL – low-density lipoprotein, TG – triglycerides, SD – standard deviation
*P-values comparing participants in the fasting and non-fasting sub-groups were calculated using χ2 testing for categorical variables, t tests for normally distributed continuous variables, and log-rank testing for non-normally distributed continuous variables.
†High blood pressure defined as systolic blood pressure >140 or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg.
‡Physical activity categories were determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scoring protocol [49].
§LDL cholesterol were calculated using the Friedewald equation [50].