Philip 1997.

Methods	Prospective review
Participants	33 patients (62 episodes of obstruction) over a 12‐month period
Interventions	In 9 episodes surgery was used
Outcomes	Resolution: 8/9 achieved resolution of obstruction Re‐obstruction: 4/8 in mean 5 months, median 2 months Survival: 35 weeks from time of first episode of bowel obstruction
Notes	Not clear if resolution of bowel obstruction is synonymous with relief of symptoms Not clear how measured survival, mean or median
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Patients allocated to surgery by clinician/patient choice and prospectively followed up
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	No comparison group
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Patients allocated to surgery by clinician/patient choice and prospectively followed up
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Patients allocated to surgery by clinician/patient choice and prospectively followed up
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Patients allocated to surgery by clinician/patient choice and prospectively followed up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Not clear if resolution of bowel obstruction is synonymous with relief of symptoms Not clear how measured survival, mean or median