Figure 1.
Glucagon acutely stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis by increasing hepatic acetyl-CoA content and VPC. (a)-(c) Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations before and at the end of a 2 hr intravenous infusion of glucagon (n=7). (d)-(f) Hepatic cAMP concentrations, protein kinase A activity, and CAMKII phosphorylation (n=5, with the exception of WT –glucagon in panel (e), in which n=4). Blots in Figures 1f and 2a, and Extended Data Figures 1b, 1d, 1f, 3f, 3g, and 4a were stripped and re-probed for all proteins of interest. (g)-(h) HGP (n=6 WT and 5 KO) and VPC (n=5 WT and 6 KO). (i)-(j) Hepatic long-chain- (n=5 WT-glucagon, 6 WT+glucagon, and 6 KO) and acetyl-CoA content (n=6). In all panels, the mean±S.E.M. is shown. Groups were compared before and after glucagon (panels a-c, g, and h) by the 2-tailed paired Student’s t-test, and separate animals (+/− glucagon in panels d-f, i, and j, and WT vs. KO animals in all panels) were compared by the 2-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test.