Extended Data Figure 3.

Glucagon stimulates hepatic glucose production independently of transcriptional regulation and plays a key role in maintenance of blood glucose during a prolonged fast. (a)-(c) Liver PC, PEPCK, and G6Pase mRNA expression (n=5). (d)-(e) Liver PC and PEPCK protein (n=5 with the exception of KO+glucagon, where n=6). (f)-(g) Liver pACC/ACC and pAMPK/AMPK (n=5). Blots in Figures 1f and 2a, and Extended Data Figures 1b, 1d, 1f, 3f, 3g, and 4a were stripped and re-probed for all proteins of interest. (h) Plasma NEFA (n=5, with the exception of KO+glucagon, where n=6). (i) Liver malonyl-CoA (n=6). (j)-(l) Plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon concentrations in 48 hr fasted mice (in all panels j-o, n=5). (m)-(o) Liver long-chain-, acetyl-, and malonyl-CoA content. In all panels, genotypes and groups +/− glucagon were compared using the 2-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. If no statistical comparison is denoted, the groups were not significantly different. In all panels, the mean±S.E.M.