Table 2.
Outcomes with Age at First Exposure to Steroids (unadjusted)
| Steroid Exposure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Early (≤28 d) | Late (>28 d) | P, early vs. late | |
| n=951 | n=420 | n=531 | ||
| Pulmonary Outcomes at Discharge | ||||
| Severe BPD, n (%) | 517/863 (60.0) | 206 (57.9) | 311 (61.3) | 0.32 |
| Severe BPD or Death by 36 weeks’ PMA, n (%) | 605/951 (63.6) | 270 (64.3) | 335 (63.1) | 0.73 |
| Death by 36 weeks PMA, n (%) | 88/951 (9.2) | 64 (15.2) | 24 (4.5) | <.001 |
| 3-level BPD for infants who survived to 36 weeks’ PMA, n (%)1 | <.01 | |||
| Severe | 517/863 (60.0) | 206 (57.9) | 311 (61.3) | |
| Moderate | 246/863 (28.5) | 93 (26.1) | 153 (30.2) | |
| No/Mild | 100/863 (11.6) | 57 (16.0) | 43 (8.5) | |
| Days of ventilation, mean ±SD2, 3 | 51.4±23.6 | 47.9±23.4 | 53.8±23.5 | <.001 |
| Days of supplemental oxygen, mean ±SD2, 3 | 102.0±22.2 | 99.4±22.8 | 103.8±21.6 | <.01 |
| Discharged on oxygen, n (%)2, 4 | 476/759 (62.7) | 175 (55.4) | 301 (68.0) | <.001 |
| Tracheostomy, n (%)2 | 16/771 (2.0) | 4 (1.3) | 12 (2.6) | 0.21 |
| Length of stay (days), mean ±SD2,5 | 140.7±48.8 | 139.5±48.7 | 141.6±48.9 | 0.55 |
| PMA at discharge (weeks), mean ±SD2,5 | 45.0±6.9 | 44.8±6.9 | 45.2±6.9 | 0.52 |
| Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18–26 Months Corrected Age | ||||
| NDI composite | 164/653 (25.1) | 64 (23.1) | 100 (26.6) | 0.26 |
| Death by follow-up | 179/929 (19.3) | 103 (24.8) | 76 (14.8) | <.001 |
| NDI composite or death | 342/831 (41.2) | 166 (43.8) | 176 (38.9) | 0.17 |
| Motor | ||||
| Bayley-3 motor composite <706,7 | 97/504 (19.2) | 45 (20.6) | 52 (18.2) | 0.82 |
| Bayley-3 motor composite <857 | 221/504 (43.8) | 94 (42.9) | 127 (44.6) | 0.30 |
| Gross motor function ≥ level 26 | 84/669 (12.6) | 32 (11.2) | 52 (13.5) | 0.17 |
| Moderate-to-severe CP6 | 53/669 (7.9) | 22 (7.8) | 31 (8.0) | 0.96 |
| Cognitive | ||||
| Bayley-3 cognitive composite <706 | 100/659 (15.2) | 40 (14.2) | 60 (15.9) | 0.65 |
| Bayley-3 cognitive composite <85 | 253/659 (38.4) | 113 (40.2) | 140 (37.0) | 0.19 |
| Language | ||||
| Bayley-3 language composite <70 | 157/643 (24.4) | 66 (24.0) | 91 (24.7) | 0.52 |
| Bayley-3 language composite <85 | 362/643 (56.3) | 168 (61.1) | 194 (52.7) | 0.24 |
| Sensory | ||||
| Blindness6 | 7/668 (1.1) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (1.3) | 0.54 |
| Deafness6 | 21/670 (3.1) | 7 (2.5) | 14 (3.6) | 0.42 |
| Behavior | ||||
| BITSEA/problems >75%ile | 194/583 (33.3) | 93 (37.5) | 101 (30.2) | 0.08 |
| BITSEA/competencies <15%ile | 172/567 (30.3) | 81 (32.9) | 91 (28.4) | 0.27 |
Data are mean ±SD or n (%). P values are from chi-square exact tests for categorical variables, and t-tests for continuous variables, contrasting age groups of >28 days vs ≤28 days age for initiation of first steroids.
Mild BPD=Oxygen >21% for at least 28 days but room air at 36 weeks, Moderate=<30% oxygen requirement at 36 weeks, Severe= ≥30% oxygen and/ or positive pressure at 36 weeks.
Outcomes for survivors only.
Total Days of ventilation and supplemental oxygen by status missing for <0.1% of infants.
Of the 951 infants, 771 were discharged by 1 year of life. Of these, 2% were missing information.
Missing for 1% of infants.
Part of NDI composite.
Motor score only available for kids born after 2009.
BPD=bronchopulmonary dysplasia, PMA=post-menstrual age, NDI=Neurodevelopmental Impairment, Bayley 3=Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition, BITSEA= Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment