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. 2014 Oct 1;37(11):921–943. doi: 10.1007/s40264-014-0226-z

Table 1.

Family classification of cytokinesa relevant to this review

Family Members
Hematopoietinb IL-2; IL-6c; IL-11c,d; IL-12e; G-CSFc; GM-CSF; leptinc,f; EPOg; TPOg
IL-1 IL-1α; IL-1β; IL-18h
IL-10i IL-10j
IL-17k IL-17; IL-17B; IL-17C; IL-17D; IL-17E; IL-17F
Interferonl IFNα-1; IFN α-2; IFNβ-1; IFNγ-1
PDGFm EGF; KGF; M-CSF; PDGFA-D; PGF; VEGFA-D
TGFβ BMP-2n; BMP-7o; TGFβ1p; TGFβ2p; TGFβ3p
TNF TNF; TNFSF4q; TNFSF5r; TNFSF6s; TNFSF10t, TNFSF11u; TNFSF12v
Chemokines CC subfamily; CXC subfamily; C subfamily; CX3C subfamilyw

BMP bone morphogenetic protein, EGF epidermal growth factor, EPO erythropoietin, G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, KGF keratino- cyte growth factor, M-CSF macrophage colony-stimulating factor, PDGF platelet- derived growth factor, PGF placenta growth factor, TGFβ transforming growth factor β, TNF tumor necrosis factor, TNFSF tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member, TPO thrombopoietin, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

aBased on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes [27] and Vacchelli et al. [22]

bClass I cytokines

cMember of IL-6 receptor subfamily that also includes IL-11, G-CSF and leptin. IL-6 involved in cytokine storm reactions

dAlso called AGIF, adipogenesis inhibitory factor. Promotes platelet recovery after chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia

ePromotes Th1 responses and stimulates production of IFNγ and TNF from T and NK cells

fHomologous in structure to a cytokine. Included here according to [22] but often described as a hormone. Produced primarily in adipose tissue; regulates fat storage

gMember of single chain subfamily

hProinflammatory but suppresses metastasis surveillance by NK cells

iClass II cytokines. Interferons sometimes classified in this family. Family also includes IL-19, -20, 22, -24, -26

jAnti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive

kProinflammatory cytokines; stimulate release of other cytokines, e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, TGFβ, TNF

lClass II cytokines. Comprise 3 types: type I (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNω1, IFNκ1, FNτ1), type II (IFNγ), type III (incl IL-28A, -28B, -29)

mPDGFs, PGF & VEGFs belong to subclass I of cysteine-knot growth factors. M-CSF is incl- uded in the 4-helix bundle growth factors

nBMP2 subfamily

oBMP5 subfamily

pMember of TGFβ subfamily

qAlso called OX40L & CD252, the ligand for CD134. Expressed on the surface of activated B, T, dendritic and endothelial cells

rAlso called CD40L & CD154. Costimulatory molecule with T cell receptor in activation of antigen presenting cells

sAlso called FASL or Fas ligand. Binding with its receptor induces apoptosis

tAlso called CD253 or TRAIL,TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

uAlso called RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand

vAlso called TWEAK, TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis

wSmall peptides divided into 4 subfamilies on the basis of a cysteine motif