Table 2.
Laboratory parameters of patients with influenza infection
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 239) | Ct value (viral load) | P valuea | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 20 (n = 27) | > 20–30 (n = 138) | > 30 (n = 74) | ||||
| Baseline laboratory findings | ||||||
| Leukocytes (×103 cells/μl) | 8.1 (5.55–10.95) | 8.2 (5.55–11.2) | 8.1 (5.55–10.9) | 8.2 (5.55–11.2) | 0.86 | 0.63 |
| Neutrophils (×103 cells/μl) | 6.1 (3.85–9.15) | 6.2 (3.3–9.8) | 6 (3.7–9.15) | 6.3 (4.15–9) | 0.93 | 0.79 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 76.71 ± 13.69 | 82.61 ± 9.9 | 75.82 ± 13.24 | 76.42 ± 15.6 | 0.044 | 0.024 |
| Lymphocytes (cells/μl) | 800 (500–1200) | 500 (400–800) | 900 (600–1300) | 700 (450–1200) | 0.025 | 0.0001 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 11 (6.02–18) | 7.8 (4.3–16) | 11.8 (6.32–20.45) | 11 (5.5–16.8) | 0.11 | 0.071 |
| Platelets (×103/μl) | 187 (146–245) | 159 (118–269) | 204 (155–246.5) | 183 (133–231) | 0.28 | 0.48 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.06 ± 2.13 | 13.41 ± 1.41 | 12.92 ± 2.33 | 13.22 ± 2.02 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
| LDH (U/l) | 274.5 (223.7–347.7) | 324 (223.7–392) | 278 (227–364) | 261 (221–319) | 0.15 | 0.23 |
| Hypertransaminasemia | 48 (20.1%) | 7 (25.9%) | 35 (25.4%) | 6 (8.1%) | 0.008 | 0.42 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 5.31 (2.44–11.55) | 7.49 (3.72–11.87) | 5.36 (2.45–11.94) | 4.61 (2.13–9.95) | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| Peak laboratory values | ||||||
| LDH (U/l) | 292 (247.5–394.5) | 329 (248–537) | 296 (253–386) | 276 (240–366) | 0.25 | 0.15 |
| LDH > 225¶ | 196 (83.8%) | 22 (81.5%) | 114 (85.1%) | 60 (82.2%) | 0.81 | 0.78 |
| AST (mg/dl) | 30 (23–51) | 51 (22–79) | 30 (23.75–44.2) | 27 (22–44) | 0.29 | 0.064 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 8 (4–15) | 10 (4.75–13.5) | 8 (4–15.5) | 8 (3–15) | 0.77 | 0.34 |
| Nadir blood cell count | ||||||
| Leukocytes (×103 cells/μl) | 5.8 (4.15–8.1) | 5.7 (3.9–8.5) | 5.8 (4.12–7.7) | 6.35 (4.27–8.45) | 0.73 | 0.9 |
| Neutrophils (×103 cells/μl) | 3.7 (2.4–5.65) | 3.9 (2.2–6.2) | 3.4 (2.4–5.27) | 4.45 (2.8–6.32) | 0.61 | 0.8 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 64.09 ± 16.39 | 68.5 ± 15.23 | 62.14 ± 16.47 | 66.07 ± 16.29 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
| Lymphocytes (cells/μl) | 700 (400–1000) | 500 (300–700) | 700 (500–1000) | 600 (400–1100) | 0.09 | 0.032 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 9.4 (5.1–16.5) | 7.15 (4.07–16) | 10.2 (5.6–16.3) | 9.2 (4.75–16.8) | 0.27 | 0.13 |
| Platelets (×103/μl) | 176 (119–227.5) | 134 (99–235) | 178 (135.5–228) | 172 (109–221.2) | 0.3 | 0.24 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.96 ± 2.35 | 11.89 ± 2.06 | 11.92 ± 2.54 | 12.08 ± 2.11 | 0.94 | 0.85 |
| Hematological abnormalities | ||||||
| < 1000 neutrophils/μl* | 14 (5.9%) | 2 (7.4%) | 7 (5.1%) | 5 (6.8%) | 0.82 | 0.66 |
| < 100,000 platelets/μl* | 36 (15.1%) | 7 (25.9%) | 16 (11.6%) | 13 (17.6%) | 0.12 | 0.14 |
| Hemoglobin < 9 g/dl* | 25 (10.5%) | 3 (11.1%) | 17 (12.3%) | 5 (6.8%) | 0.45 | 1 |
| < 1000 lymphocytes/μl | 170 (71.7%) | 24 (88.9%) | 93 (68.4%) | 53 (71.6%) | 0.097 | 0.035 |
Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (IQR) or as absolute value (percentage). NA not available. ¶Upper limit of LDH in the local laboratory is 225 mg/dl. *According to the HLH-04 criteria. aAcross all Ct value groups. bBetween high viral load group (Ct ≤ 20) and other groups combined. Bold font means significant differences between variables