Table 6.
Comparison of in- and outpatients not admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and patients who were admitted to an ICU
| ICU patients (n = 49) | Non-ICU patients (n = 491) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 46.9 (23.6) | 22.6 (18.2) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 21/49 (42.9) | 182/491 (37.1) | 0.44 |
| Smoker | 11/34 (32.4) | 64/257 (24.9) | 0.40 |
| Pregnancy | 1/20 (5) | 14/127 (13.2) | 0.69 |
| Duration of fever | 5.4 (3.6) | 3 (1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Previous seasonal influenza virus vaccination | 0/8 (0) | 2/63 (3.2) | 0.99 |
| Previous H1N1 virus vaccination | 0/14 (0) | 14/108 (13.0) | 0.37 |
| Previous pneumococcus vaccination | 5/40 (12.5) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0.99 |
| Positive H1N1 PCR | 47/48 (97.9) | 469/474 (99.0) | 0.44 |
| Positive H1N1 rapid test | 4/10 (40.0) | 66/166 (39.8) | 0.99 |
| Oseltamivir treatment | 28/49 (57.1) | 392/491 (79.8) | 0.001 |
| Fatal cases | 13/47 (27.7) | 1/294 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Asthma | 2/49 (4.1) | 11/491 (2.2) | 0.33 |
| COPD | 3/49 (6.1) | 22/491 (4.5) | 0.49 |
| Neuromuscular disease | 0/49 (0.0) | 3/491 (1.0) | 0.99 |
| Neurological disease | 9/49 (18.4) | 7/491 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 9/49 (18.4) | 9/491 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 16/49 (32.7) | 16/491 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8/49 (16.3) | 15/491 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3/49 (6.1) | 7/491 (1.4) | 0.05 |
| Malignancy | 2/49 (4.1) | 10/491 (2.0) | 0.30 |
| Haematological malignancy | 1/49 (2.0) | 10/491 (2.0) | 0.99 |
| Immunosuppression | 3/49 (6.1) | 20/491 (4.1) | 0.46 |
| Symptoms at presentation | |||
| Body temperature (°C) | |||
| 37.3–38 | 10/37 (27.0) | 50/303 (16.5) | 0.12 |
| 38.1–39 | 19/37 (51.4) | 170/303 (56.1) | 0.60 |
| >39.0 | 8/37 (21.6) | 83/303 (27.4) | 0.56 |
| Fatigue | 26/27 (96.3) | 212/311 (68.2) | 0.001 |
| Myalgia | 6/10 (60.0) | 103/218 (43.6) | 0.53 |
| Chills | 7/13 (53.9) | 54/198 (27.3) | 0.06 |
| Thoracic pain | 10/19 (52.6) | 21/192 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Diagnostic findings at presentation | |||
| Chest X-ray | |||
| Chest X-ray available | 47/49 (95.9) | 238/491 (48.5) | <0.001 |
| Without pathological findings | 5/47 (10.6) | 79/238 (33.2) | 0.001 |
| Interstitial pathology | 11/47 (23.4) | 20/238 (8.4) | 0.01 |
| Lobulary pathology | 30/47 (63.8) | 33/238 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Leukocyte count <4,000/μl | 5/49 (10.2) | 28/342 (8.2) | 0.59 |
| Leukocyte count 4,000–10,000/μl | 27/49 (55.1) | 244/342 (71.4) | 0.03 |
| Leukocyte count >10,000/μl | 17/49 (34.7) | 70/342 (20.5) | 0.04 |
| Thrombocytopaenia | 10/49 (20.4) | 47/341 (13.8) | 0.28 |
| Anaemia | 22/49 (44.9) | 64/342 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Lymphopaenia children | 1/2 (50.0) | 41/75 (54.7) | 0.90 |
| Lymphopaenia adults | 9/13 (69.2) | 20/83 (24.1) | 0.001 |
| GOT | 30/44 (68.2) | 54/243 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| GPT | 21/44 (47.7) | 42/241 (17.4) | <0.001 |
| Creatine kinase >200 U/l | 18/31 (58.1) | 36/165 (21.8) | <0.001 |
| CRP mg/dl, mean (SD) | 15.5 (11.5) | 6.7 (9.5) | <0.001 |
| Reason for admission | |||
| Containment strategy | 0/49 (0) | 114/491 (23.2) | <0.001 |
| Nosocomial acquisition | 2/49 (4.1) | 12/491 (2.4) | 0.37 |
| Respiratory impairment | 37/49 (75.5) | 92/491 (18.7) | <0.001 |
| Haemodynamic impairment | 18/49 (36.7) | 18/491 (3.7) | <0.001 |
| Cerebral impairment | 4/49 (8.2) | 4/491 (0.8) | 0.003 |
| Pregnancy | 1/49 (2.0) | 7/491 (1.4) | 0.54 |
| Risk patient | 6/49 (12.2) | 33/491 (6.7) | 0.15 |
| Complications during hospital stay | |||
| Neuropathia | 1/49 (2.0) | 0/295 (0.0) | 0.14 |
| Myocarditis | 1/49 (2.0) | 1/295 (0.3) | 0.27 |
| Myositis | 9/49 (18.4) | 0/295 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Enteritis | 3/49 (6.1) | 6/295 (2.03) | 0.12 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 21/49 (42.9) | 29/295 (9.83) | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 9/49 (16.3) | 2/295 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2/49 (4.08) | 0/295 (0.0) | 0.02 |
Data are presented as no./total no. (%) for categorical data or as mean ± SD for continuous data (no. of patients in parentheses)
GOT glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GPT glutamic pyruvic transaminase, CRP C-reactive protein