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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Sep 1;44(17):1220–1227. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003053

Table 2.

Incident chronic back pain over 5-Year follow-up (n=227)*

n (%) with back pain outcome Back pain intensity by locationa Oswestry scoreb

Primary outcome

 Any chronic back painc (miss.=7) 110 (50.0%) 4.8 (2.0)d 23.5 (1.6)

Secondary outcomes

 Chronic low back pain (miss. =2) 102 (45.3%) 4.6 (1.9)e 23.7 (14.5)
 Chronic mid/upper back pain (miss.=8) 33 (14.5%) 5.2 (2.1)f 25.3 (14.0)

miss.= missing

*

chronic back pain defined as back pain of duration ≥ 3 months

a

back pain intensity (mean [SD]) on a 0 to 10 numerical pain scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain possible.

b

Oswestry Disability Index (mean [SD]) on a 0 to 100 scale with 0 being no back-related functional limitations and 10 being the most severe functional limitations. Participants reported ODI items taking into account both pain in the low back, midback, and upper back regions.

c

In either the low back [lumbar] or mid/upper back [thoracic] regions

d

Scores reflect the worst pain intensity reported, between the low back and/or mid/upper back locations

e

Pain intensity scores for low back pain

f

Pain intensity scores for mid/upper back pain