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Protective effects of IPO depend on the activation of Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2-mediated autophagy. Mice were pretreated with SC66 or brusatol prior to ischemia. Levels of serum DAO (a), I-FABP (b), and D-LA (c) were analyzed as a measure of tissue injury. (d) Expression of LC3, Beclin-1, and p62 was detected by western blot analysis in each group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 8). ∗p < 0.05 versus S; #p < 0.05 versus IIR; •p < 0.05 versus IPO.
