Table 1.

Human disease burden by viruses. Infections include infected number of people while morbidity and mortality include those that get sick or die, respectively. Cost is the economic damage of these viral diseases from hospitalization or lost work time. Unless otherwise indicated, figures are yearly.

Virus (species)	Virus (family)	Infections	Morbidity	Mortality	Cost	Refs.
HSV-1/2	Herpesviridae	3.7 B / ∼700M	3M/yr US	low	$540 M US	[[84], [85], [86], [87], [88]]
HIV-1/2	Retroviridae	36 M ww	2.1 M/yr ww	25 M ww total1	$13.7B US	[89]
Influenza A	Orthomyxoviridae	>30 M US3	100-600 K US4	50 M 19182 ww	$10-90B	[[90], [91], [92]]
Measles morbillivirus	Paramyxoviridae	>20 M ww	250k ww	140-500k5 ww	$3-7B US	[93]
Hepatitis C	Flaviviridae	60-120 M ww	4M ww	500k ww	$10B6	[94,95]
Hepatitis B	Hepadnaviridae	248 M ww/yr, ∼2.5 B ww total	350 M ww total	600k ww	$1B US	[[96], [97], [98]]
Zika virus	Flaviviridae	740k SA	>2.6k7 SA	low	$18B ww	[99]
MERS-CoV	Coronaviridae	2067 ww total	1179 ww total	720 ww total	$15-20B	[100]
SARS-CoV	Coronaviridae	>10k ww total	8098 ww total	774 ww total	$40B ww	[101,102]
Rhinovirus A, B, C	Picornaviridae	1B/year US	10-40% of common colds	low	$20B US	[103]
Norovirus (Norwalk virus)	Caliciviridae	19-21 M US; 685 M ww	699 M ww	570-800 US; 200 K children ww; 219 K ww	$4.2B indirect; $60.3B total ww	[104,105]
Dengue virus	Flaviviridae	390 M ww	96 M ww	10k ww	$2.1B US, SA	[106,107]

¹Globally, since 1981.

²Spanish flu of 1918.

³30 million outpatient visits.

⁴100-600 thousand hospitalizations.

⁵The death rate is decreasing, from 535,000 deaths in 2000 to 139,300 deaths in 2010.

⁶$10.7 billion in direct medical expenditures in the USA for HCV-related disease from 2010 to 2019.

⁷Cases of microcephaly. K,M,B = thousand, million, billion, ww= worldwide, SA = South America.