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Concentration-dependent effects of pretreatment with glycopyrronium (A) (GLP), formoterol (B) (FRM), budesonide (C) (BUD), a combination of these three drugs (D) (GFB), or vehicle (Veh) on HCoV-229E release into ASL collected between 24 h and 72 h after infection. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM of five subjects. Significant differences compared with cells pretreated with vehicle are indicated by *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.
