Table 3.
Effects on reproductive parameters in pregnant female rats after exposure to SSDs during Gestational Days (GD) 6–19 in different experimental groups (n = 12 in each group).
| G1 (Vehicle) | G2 (SSD-1; 500 mg/kg) | G3 (SSD-1; 1000 mg/kg) | G4 (SSD-1; 1500 mg/kg) | G5 (SSD-1; 500 mg/kg) | G6 (SSD-1; 1000 mg/kg) | G7 (SSD-1; 1500 mg/kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of dams | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Dam body weight on GD 20 | 316.83 ± 3.61 | 306.93 ± 1.45a | 311.14 ± 5.78 | 292.56 ± 2.58a | 289.88 ± 5.97 | 288.89 ± 10.9a | 291.81 ± 2.84a |
| Uterus weight | 70.82 ± 1.73 | 74.56 ± 2.58 | 79.63 ± 2.14 | 78.18 ± 4.45 | 67.68 ± 1.49 | 77.78 ± 1.7 | 80.38 ± 1.85 |
| Corrected dam weight | 246.01 ± 4.82 | 232.37 ± 3.35a | 231.51 ± 6.86a | 214.38 ± 7.83a | 259.39 ± 8.47 | 211.12 ± 9.98a | 211.43 ± 4.96a |
| Number of corpora lutea | 14.67 ± 0.35 | 12.83 ± 0.46a | 14 ± 0.41 | 13.33 ± 0.89 | 13.5 ± 0.44 | 13.67 ± 0.35 | 13.5 ± 0.47 |
| Number of implantation sites | 12.17 ± 0.28 | 11.17 ± 0.28a | 10.83 ± 0.64a | 9.33 ± 0.6a | 11.33 ± 0.43 | 9.5 ± 0.57a | 9 ± 0.86a |
| Resorption: Early | 1 ± 0.26 | 0.67 ± 0.24 | 1.17 ± 0.12 | 0.83 ± 0.22 | 0.5 ± 0.16 | 0.83 ± 0.38 | 1.83 ± 0.34a |
| Resorption: Late | 0 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 1 ± 0.32a | 1.67 ± 0.35a | 0.33 ± 0.15 | 1.33 ± 0.35a | 1.83 ± 0.34a |
| Dead fetuses | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0 ± 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.12 | 0.5 ± 0.35 |
| Litter size | 11.17 ± 0.34 | 10.33 ± 0.3a | 8.67 ± 0.39a | 6.83 ± 0.62a | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 7.33 ± 1.11a | 5.33 ± 0.85a |
| Gain in weight compared to control group (unadjusted)# | - | −9.22 | −11.52 | −28.62 | 6.21 | −37.23 | −28.15 |
| Gain in weight compared to control group (adjusted for litter size)# | - | −6.98 | −4.79 | −16.94 | 8.01 | −26.91 | −12.45 |
| Number of male fetuses | 5.67 ± 0.15 | 5 ± 0.41 | 4.17 ± 0.22a | 3.5 ± 0.44a | 5 ± 0.32a | 3.83 ± 0.59a | 2 ± 0.41a |
| Number of female fetuses | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.33 ± 0.24 | 4.5 ± 0.24a | 3.33 ± 0.3a | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 3.33 ± 0.57a | 2.83 ± 0.46a |
| Sex ratio (Male:Female) | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 1.05 | 0.9 | 1.10 | 0.78 |
| Fetal weight (g): Male | 4.14 ± 0.039 | 3.76 ± 0.09 | 3.54 ± 0.05 | 3.45 ± 0.06 | 4.101 ± 0.01 | 3.98 ± 0.06 | 3.76 ± 0.13 |
| Fetal weight (g): Female | 3.87 ± 0.07 | 3.70 ± 0.09 | 3.53 ± 0.05 | 3.28 ± 0.05 | 3.66 ± 0.04 | 3.44 ± 0.07 | 3.19 ± 0.09 |
Corrected weight = Dam weight- Uterus weight.
#p < 0.001.
a
Difference in mean statistically significant as compared to the control (p < 0.05).