Table 1.
List of anti-MERS-CoV therapeutics using small molecules.
| Example | Toxicity TC50/CC50/SI | EC50/IC50 | Cell line/animal model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K22 | CC50 ≥ 40 μM | – | Human airway epithelia (HAE) | [68] |
| Acyclovir | CC50 > 1000 | EC50 >1000 | Huh7 | [69] |
| Acyclovir | CC50 > 1000 | EC50 >1000 | Vero | |
| Analogues of acyclovir 2 | CC50 = 149 ± 6.8 | EC50 = 27 ± 0.0 | Huh7 | |
| Analogues of acyclovir 2 | CC50 = 71 ± 14 | EC50 = 23 ± 0.6 | Vero | |
| SSYA10-001 | SI > 20 | EC50 ∼25 μM | Vero E6 | [70] |
| Chlorpromazine hydrochloride | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 9.514 | Vero E6 | [26] |
| Triflupromazine hydrochloride | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 5.758 | ||
| Imatinib mesylate | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 17.689 | ||
| Dasatinib | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 5.468 | ||
| Gemcitabine hydrochloride | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 1.216 | ||
| Toremifene citrate | Low cytotoxicity (<30%) | EC50 = 12.915 | ||
| Chloroquine, chlorpromazine, loperamide, and lopinavir | Viability > 75% | EC50 = 3 to 8 μM | Vero E6 | [71] |