Table II.
Stress and Pharmacological Induces of SGs and PBs
| Drug | Mode of action | Effect on SGs | Effect on PBs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arsenite | Oxidative stressor, activates HRI, induces phosphorylation of eIF2α. Induces HSPs and GRPs | Strong inducer, SGs often adjacent to PBs | Strong inducer; PBs often adjacent to SGs |
| Clotrimazole | Inhibits Hexokinase II, causes energy starvation | Induces | No effect |
| Cycloheximide | Blocks elongation, activates SAPK | Blocks/disassembles | Blocks/disassembles |
| Edeine | Impairs initiation, blocks 60S joining | Induces | ? |
| Emetine | Blocks elongation, does not activate SAPK | Blocks/disassembles | Blocks/disassembles |
| FCCP | Mitochondrial poison, collapses proton gradient | Induces (CTS) | No effect/disassembles (CTS) |
| Heat shock | Protein denaturation, activates GCN2 | Induces | May induce, after SGs disperse |
| Hippuristanol | Inactivates eIF4A, impairs eIF4F/scanning | Induces | ? |
| MG132 | Inhibits chymotryptic proteases including proteasome, activates autophagy | Weakly induces (CTS) | No effect |
| Pateamine A | Inactivates eIF4A, impairs eIF4F/scanning | Induces | No effect |
| Puromycin | Promotes termination | Weakly induces | May enlarge |
| Sorbitol | Osmotic stress | Induces | No effect |
| Thapsigargin | ER stress, releases Ca2+ | Induces | No effect |
CTS, “cell type specific” effect occurs in some cell lines but not others.