Table 1.
Demographic and MetS Factors of the Included Participants in This Study
| Variables | Total (n=8790) | Men (n=4591) | Women (n=4199) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place of Residency | Rural | 3570 (40.61) | 1761 (38.35) | 1809 (43.08) | <0.001 |
| Urban | 5220 (59.38) | 2830 (61.64) | 2390 (56.91) | ||
| Marital status | Married | 8108 (92.24) | 4457 (97.08) | 3651 (86.94) | <0.001 |
| Single | 202 (2.29) | 96 (2.09) | 106 (2.52) | ||
| Widow/divorced | 480 (5.46) | 38 (0.82) | 442 (10.52) | ||
| Physical activity | Low | 2405 (27.36) | 1500 (32.67) | 905 (21.55) | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 4400 (50.05) | 1542 (33.58) | 2858 (68.06) | ||
| High | 1982 (22.54) | 1546 (33.67) | 436 (10.38) | ||
| Smoking status | Non smoker | 6875 (78.21) | 2913 (63.45) | 3962 (94.35) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 1123 (12.77) | 1033 (22.50) | 90 (2.14) | ||
| Former smoker | 776 (8.82) | 636 (13.85) | 140 (3.33) | ||
| Alcohol consumption | No | 8181 (93.07) | 3985 (86.80) | 4196 (99.92) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 609 (6.93) | 606 (13.19) | 3 (0.07) | ||
| Education level (year) | Illiterate-no schooling | 2168 (24.66) | 599 (13.04) | 1569 (37.36) | <0.001 |
| ≤5 years | 3244 (36.90) | 1333 (29.03) | 1911 (45.51) | ||
| 6–9 years | 1512 (17.20) | 1112 (24.22) | 400 (9.52) | ||
| 10–12 years | 1154 (13.12) | 940 (20.47) | 214 (5.09) | ||
| ≥13 years | 712 (8.10) | 607 (13.22) | 105 (2.50) | ||
| Hypertension | No | 7416 (84.4) | 3994 (87) | 3422 (81.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 1374 (15.6) | 597 (13) | 777 (18.5) | ||
| Overweight | (BMI ≥25) | 3828 (43.54) | 2127 (46.32) | 1720 (40.96) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | (BMI ≥ 30) | 2280 (25.93) | 766 (16.68) | 1514 (36.05) | <0.001 |
| Age | (year) | 48.14 ± 8.25 | 47.75 ± 8.05 | 48.57 ± 8.44 | <0.001 |
| Anthropometric measures | BMI (kg/m2) | 27.43 ± 4.59 | 26.34 ± 4.05 | 28.62 ± 4.85 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 97.28 ± 10.43 | 96.23 ± 9.65 | 98.42 ± 11.10 | <0.001 | |
| WHR (cm) | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.22 | <0.001 | |
| ABSI | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | |
| BRI | 5.46 ± 1.47 | 4.74 ± 1.23 | 6.248 ± 1.72 | <0.001 | |
| VAI | 5.44 ± 4.37 | 5.19 ± 4.19 | 5.70 ± 4.57 | <0.001 | |
| Biochemical factors | FBS (mg/dL) | 97.19 ± 30.12 | 97.10 ± 30.44 | 97.29 ± 29.67 | 0.761 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 138.70 ± 85.69 | 145.82 ± 89.45 | 130.94± 80.70 | <0.001 | |
| TC (mg/dL) | 505.2 ± 225.55 | 572.90 ± 250.02 | 431.32± 166.30 | <0.001 | |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.03 ± 11.28 | 42.79 ± 10.07 | 49.56 ± 11.48 | <0.001 | |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 102.01 ± 25.34 | 101.06 ± 24.58 | 103.05± 26.10 | <0.001 | |
Note: aP value <0.05 (Compare men with women; Chi-squared or independent t-test).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist to hip ratio; VAI, visceral adiposity index; BRI, body roundness index; ABSI, a body shape index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol.