Fig. 1.

Ouabain potently inhibits TGEV replication. A. Chemical structure of ouabain. B. Ouabain reduced TGEV yields in a dose-dependent manner in an end point assay for viral titer determination. C. Ouabain potently reduced TGEV viral copy number in ST cells by TGEV infection in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by RT-qPCR. ST cells were pretreated with ouabain for 1 h and then infected with TGEV at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01 at 22 h.p.i. for determining virus titers (B) and at an MOI of 7 at 6 h.p.i. for determining viral copy numbers (C). See Materials and Methods for determination of the viral copy numbers and Table 1 for the primer sequences used for RT-qPCR. Results shown are averages ± SD from three independent experiments (B & C) each conducted in triplicate (C).