Table 2.

Screening of cellular signaling pharmacological inhibitors to identify those able to reverse the anti-TGEV effect of ouabain. Shown are residual activities by treatment of each pharmacological inhibitor compared to DMSO vehicle treatment which TGEV activity was used as 100%. IFA described in Methods for detection of N and S protein expression was applied to measure TGEV activity.

Results shown are averages ± SD from three independent experiments, each conducted in duplicate. ^⁎P < .01, compare to only ouabain treatment.

**_, <0.01, compare to ouabain only treatment.