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Biological parameters of normal healthy camelids
| Parameter | Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) | Llama (Lama glama) | Camels (Camelus dromedarius and C. bactrianus) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight (kg) | 7–11 | 9–15.5 | 30–50 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.7–38.9 | 37.5–39.0 | |
| Pulse (bpm) | 60–100 | 80–120 | |
| Respiration (bpm) | 10–30 | 20–30 | |
| Time to standing (min) | 30 (10–120) | 30 (15–80) | |
| Time to nursing (min) | 45 (20–180) | 30 (20–120) | |
| Nursing frequency | Once an hour for 1–2 min | ||
| Meconium passage (h) | 18–24 | <18 | |
| Urination (h) | 18 | <18 |
