Table 3.
Formulary for emergency veterinary care of camelids
| Drug | Llamas and alpacas | Camels | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sedatives/anesthetics/analgesics and reversal agents | |||
| Acepromazine | 0.02–0.05 mg/kg IV, IM, SQ | 0.05 mg/kg | Sedation, use with care if depressed or hypotensive. Avoid in an emergency |
| Butrophanol | 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IM, SQ | 0.05–0.2 mg/kg IM | |
| Ketamine | 2–4 mg/kg IV | 5–8 mg/kg IM | Avoid IV route if pregnant |
| 4–6 mg/kg IM | |||
| Ketoprofen | 2 mg/kg IV, IM, SQ | 2–3 mg/kg | |
| Lidocaine 2% | 1 mL/100 kg | 1 mL/100 kg | Toxic dose 4 mg/kg |
| Talazoline | 2–4 mg/kg IM, SC, IV | 0.2 mg/kg IV | Cardiac asystole (give slowly) |
| Yohimbine HCl | 0.125 mg/kg | 0.25 mg/kg | |
| Neonatal resuscitation | |||
| Aminophylline | 2–4 mg/kg SQ | 4–7 mg/kg | |
| Atropine | 0.04 mg/kg IV, SQ | 0.04 mg/kg | Bradycardia |
| Doxapram HCl | 5–10 mg/kg IV, IM, sublingual | 0.2–0.3 mg/kg | Use with caution |
| Diazepam | 01.–0.2 mg/kg | 0.1–0.2 mg/kg | |
| Xylazine | 0.2–0.3 mg/kg IV | 0.2 mg/kg | |
| Yohimbine | 0.1 mg/kg IV, IM | 0.125 mg/kg | Acute hypotension possible |
| Antimicrobials | |||
| Ampicillin sodium | 6–10 mg/kg IV q 8 h | 6.6 mg/kg IV TID | |
| Ceftiofur (solution) | 2 mg/kg BID | 2 mg/kg BID | |
| Ceftiofur (suspension) | 2.2 mg/kg SQ, IM SID | 1–2 mg/kg, IM SID | |
| Enrofloxacin | 5–10 mg/kg SQ SID | 2.5–5 mg/kg | |
| Florfenicol | 20 mg/kg SQ q 48 h | 20–40 mg/kg SQ (single dose) | |
| Gentamicin | 5 mg/kg SID | 4 mg/kg IM BID | Nephrotoxic |
| Oxytetracycline LA | 20 mg/kg IV SQ | 10–20 mg/kg | Every 2–3 days |
| Procaine penicillin G | 20,000 IU/kg SC or IM BID or SID | 20,000 IU/kg BID | |
| Hormones | |||
| Cloprostenol | 250 μg IM | 500 μg IM | |
| Misoprostol | 400–600 μg cervical | 1–2 mg | Topical for cervical dilation |
| Oxytocin | 5–7.5 IU (alpaca) | 20–30 IU | IV drip (1 IU/min) |
| 5–10 IU (llama) | |||
| Hydroxyprogesterone caproate | 250 mg | 500 mg | Every 3 week (do not use last 4 week of pregnancy) |
| Anti-inflammatory drugs | |||
| Flunixin meglumine | 1 mg/kg IV or SQ, BID or SID | ||
| Fluid therapya | |||
| Other useful drugs | |||
| Clenbuterolb | 300 μg once, IM or slow IV | Obstetrical manipulations | |
| Diphenhydramine | 0.5–1 mg/kg IM or IV | Anaphylactic shock | |
| Epinephrine | 1 mL/50 kg (1:1000 dilution) | 0.01 mg/kg | Anaphylactic shock, myorelaxant |
| Insulin | |||
| Omeprazole | 2–4 mg/kg PO | 2–4 mg/kg PO | |
| Vitman B complexc | 5–10 mL adult | 0.02–0.04 mL/kg | |
| Buscopan (juoscine-N-butyl bromide) | 4 mg/mL; 1 mL/10 kg | Spasmolytic, analgesic | |
a
Fluid therapy, the most common balanced salt solution used are LRS and normosol, bicabonate should be available to correct acidosis, dextrose can be used at 1.5–5% depending on degree of hypoglycemia. Fluids can be spiked (as needed) to correct hypocalcemia (calcium bromogluconate) or hypokalemia (KCl) or any other metabolic disturbance.
b
Clenbutorol is not available in some countries, including the USA.
c
Each mL contains: B1 (100 mg), B2 (5 mg), B3 (100 mg), B6 (10 mg), 1 d-pantheno (l0 mg), B12 (100 μg).