Table 2. General characteristics of reviewed studies about ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in physical activity (PA).
| Reference, year, country | Study population | n (males) | Age | Design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggio et al. (2017), England | US | 51 (26) | 24.0 ± 4.7 | L, P, NI |
| Basen-Engquist et al. (2013), USA | Women Endometrial Cancer Survivor* | 79 (0) | 57.0 ± 11.01 | L, P, NI |
| Biddle et al. (2009c), Hun, Slo, Ro | Adolescents | 623 (247) | 15.5 ± 0.9 | L, P, NI |
| Biddle, Gorely & Marshall (2009), UK | Adolescents | 1,484 (561) | 14.67 ± 0.92 | L, P, NI |
| Biddle et al. (2009b), UK | Adolescents | 1,493 (566) | 14.8 | L, P, NI |
| Biddle et al. (2009a), Scotland | Adolescents | 991 (385) | 14.1 | L, P, NI |
| Bohnert et al. (2013), USA | Adolescents | 25 (9) | 12.6 ± 1.0 | L, P, NI |
| Bond et al. (2013), USA | Bariatric Surgery Patients* | 21 (4) | 48.5 ± 2.8 | L, P, NI |
| Bonham, Pepper & Nettle (2018), England | Adults (Recreational Runners) | 38 (20) | 18–49 | L, P, NI |
| Bond et al. (2013), Germany | US | 62 (53) | 21.4 ± 1.8 | L, P, NI |
| Brannon et al. (2016), USA | Adolescents | 20 (12) | 15.67 ± 1.75 | L, P, NI |
| Burg et al. (2017), USA | Adults (eager to became active) | 63 (27) | 31.9 ± 9.5 | L, E, CG, R |
| Brannon et al. (2016), Netherlands | Older adults | 10 (4) | 68.7 ± 5.5 | L, P, NI |
| Conroy et al. (2013), USA | US | 128 (53) | 21.3 ± 1.1 | L, P, NI |
| Cabrita et al. (2017), USA | Children | 121 (62) | 9–13 | L, P, NI |
| Conroy et al. (2013), USA | Children | 108 (59) | 11 | L, P, NI |
| Dunton et al. (2011), USA | Children | 94 (49) | 9–13 | L, QE, CG |
| Dunton et al. (2012a), USA | Adults | 110 (30) | 40.4 ± 9.74 | L, P, NI |
| Dunton et al. (2012b), USA | Children | 114 (56) | 9–13 | L, P, NI |
| Dunton et al. (2012c), USA | Adults | 116 (32) | 40.5 ± 9.5 | L, P, NI |
| Dunton et al. (2014b), USA | Adolescents | 39 (18) | 15.9 ± 1.2 | L, P, NI |
| Elavsky, Kishida & Mogle (2016), USA | Women (Peri-post menopausal) | 121 (0) | 51.5 | L, P, NI |
| Emerson, Dunsiger & Williams (2018), USA | Adults (Low-Active and Obese)* | 59 (7) | 47.71 ± 11.06 | L, E, CG, R |
| Fanning et al. (2016), USA | US | 33 (9) | 20.5 ± 1.5 | L, P, NI |
| Fortier et al. (2015), Canada | Women (Physically active Mothers) | 63 (0) | 42.6 ± 5.61 | L, P, NI |
| Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Skouteris & Mccabe (2013), Australia | Adult Women | 37 (0) | 34.05 ± 9.73 | L, P, NI |
| Gorely et al. (2009a), UK | Adolescents | 1,171 (477) | 14.8 ± 0.86 | L, P, NI |
| Gorely et al. (2009b), UK | Adolescent boys | 561 (561) | 14.6 ± 0.89 | L, P, NI |
| Hager et al. (2017), USA | Mother-Toddler Dyads | 160 (0) | 26.6 | L, P, NI |
| Hausenblas et al. (2008) | US | 40 (14) | 20.5 ± 2.5 | L, E, R |
| Heininga et al. (2017), Netherlands | Adults (with or without anhedonia)* | 138 (28) | 21.48 | L, P, NI |
| Hekler et al. (2012), USA | Adults | 14 (7) | 59.4 ± 6.4 | L, P, NI |
| Hyde et al. (2011), USA | US | 190 (65) | 19.3 ± 2.8 | L, P, NI |
| Jones et al. (2017), USA | Adults (stressed)* | 105 (29) | 40.3 ± 9.8 | L, P, NI |
| Kanning, Ebner-Priemer & Schlicht (2015), Germany | Older adults | 69 (35) | 60.1 ± 7.1 | L, P, NI |
| Kanning & Schoebi (2016), Germany | US | 65 (28) | 24.6 ± 3.2 | L, P, NI |
| Kanning & Hansen (2017), Germany | Older adults | 68 (35) | 60.1 ± 7.1 | L, P, NI |
| Kim et al. (2014), Japan | Depressive patients and healthy adults* | 57 (55) | 37.35 | L, P, NI, CG |
| Knell et al. (2017), USA | Adults | 238 (78) | 43.3 | L, P, NI |
| LePage et al. (2012), USA | – | – | – | – |
| Study 1 | US | 51 (0) | 19.06 ± 3.10 | L, P, NI |
| Study 2 | US with eating disorders* | 76 (0) | 19.08 ± 2.86 | L, P, NI, CG |
| LePage & Crowther (2010), USA | US (with body dissatisfaction) | 54 (0) | 19.1 ± 2.88 | L, P, NI, CG |
| Liao et al. (2014), USA | Children and Adolescents | 120 (62) | 9–13 | L, P, NI |
| Liao, Intille & Dunton (2015), USA | Adults | 114 (30) | 27–73 | L, P, NI |
| Liao et al. (2017a), USA | Adults | 82 (22) | 39.8 | L, P, NI |
| Liao et al. (2017b), USA | Adults (dog owners) | 71 (17) | 40.2 ± 8.6 | L, P, NI |
| Liao, Solomon & Dunton (2017), USA | Adults | 110 (30) | 40.4 ± 9.74 | L, P, NI |
| Maher et al. (2014), USA | US | 128 (53) | 21.3 ± 1.1 | L, P, NI |
| Maher et al. (2016), USA | Adults | 90 (30) | 40.3 ± 9.6 | L, P, NI |
| Marquet et al. (2017), USA | US (players of Pokemon Go) | 47 (24) | 19.45 | L, P, NI |
| Marquet, Alberico & Hipp (2018), USA | US (players of Pokemon Go) | 74 (37) | 19.6 | L, P, NI |
| Mata et al. (2012), USA | Adults with depression and controls* | 106 (32) | 26.8 | L, P, NI, CG |
| Marquet et al. (2017), USA and Ser | Adults with severe mental illness* | 22 (12) | 38.95 | L, P, NI |
| Marquet, Alberico & Hipp (2018), USA and Ser | Adults with severe mental illness* | 22 (Not inf) | Not inf | L, P, NI |
| Nadell et al. (2015), USA | Adults (Tabacoo smokers) | 188 (88) | 21.32 ± 0.77 | L, P, NI |
| O’Connor et al. (2017), USA | Mother Children Dyads | 175 (84) | 41.1 | L, P, NI |
| Pickering et al. (2016), USA | Adults | 103 (30) | 40.3 ± 9.6 | L, P, NI |
| Nadell et al. (2015), England | US | 84 (46) | 19.85 | L, P, NI |
| Rusby et al. (2014), USA | Adolescents | 82 (40) | Not inf | L, P, NI |
| Sala et al. (2017), USA | US with eating disorders* | 129 (0) | 19.19 ± 1.40 | L, P, NI |
| Salvy et al. (2008), USA | Adolescents (overweight) | 20 (10) | 13.52 | L, P, NI, CG |
| Schöndube, Kanning & Fuchs (2016), Germany | US | 60 (20) | 23.5 ± 2.8 | L, P, NI |
| Schöndube et al. (2017), Germany | US | 63 (21) | 23.5 ± 2.8 | L, P, NI |
| Seto et al. (2014), China | US and their friends | 12 (Not inf) | 18–31 | L, P, NI |
| Seto et al. (2016), China | US | 12 (4) | 24.6 ± 3.06 | L, P, NI |
| Snippe et al. (2016), Netherlands | Depressive patients* | 85 (47) | 48 ± 10.2 | L, E, CG, R |
| Soos et al. (2012), Ro and Slo | Adolescents | 635 (251) | 16 ± 1.0 | L, P, NI |
| Soos et al. (2014), UK, Hu, Ro, Slo, Chi | Adolescents | 812 (348) | 15.6 ± 1.0 | L, P, NI |
| Spook et al. (2013), Netherlands | Adolescents and Adults | 30 (13) | 16–21 | L, P, NI |
| Sternfeld et al. (2012), USA | – | – | – | – |
| Pilot | Adults | 33 (23) | 55.6 ± 8.8 | L, P, NI |
| Validation | Adults | 345 (296) | 56.9 ± 5.7 | L, P, NI |
| Thomas et al. (2011), USA | Gastric patients* | 21 (4) | 48.5 ± 12.6 | L, P, NI |
| Timmerman et al. (2015), Netherlands | Cancer Survivors* | 36 (12) | 55.95 | L, P, NI, CG |
| Von Haaren et al. (2013), Germany | US | 29 (Not inf) | 21.3 ± 1.7 | L, P, NI |
| Wichers et al. (2015), Belgium | Women (Twins) | 504 (0) | 27 ± 7.6 | L, P, NI |
| Williams et al. (2016), USA | Sedentary and obese adults | 59 (7) | 47.7 ± 11.1 | L, E, CG, R |
Notes:
*
With physical diseases or psychological disorders.
Hu, Hungary; UK, United Kingdom; Slo, Slovenia; Ro, Romania; Ser, Serbia, Chi, China; US, University students; L, Longitudinal; P, Prognostic; NI, No intervention; CG, Control group; QE, Quasi Experimental; R, Randomization.