Table 2. Effects of cottonseed contaminated with mycotoxins1 on the serum biochemical, antioxidant, and immune indices of dairy cows.
| Item2 | Control | 50%replacement | 100% replacement | SEM | P-value3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALT (U/L) | 29.75 | 29.75 | 29.86 | 1.05 | 0.99 |
| AST (U/L) | 72.75 | 71.00 | 77.50 | 3.03 | 0.68 |
| AST/ ALT | 2.52 | 2.41 | 2.62 | 0.11 | 0.78 |
| GGT (U/L) | 43.09a | 29.30b | 34.45a,b | 2.16 | 0.02 |
| ALP (U/L) | 90.31 | 67.61 | 71.19 | 12.36 | 0.74 |
| TP (g/L) | 73.96 | 73.53 | 73.53 | 0.97 | 0.98 |
| ALB(g/L) | 36.44 | 35.49 | 36.14 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
| GLOB(g/L) | 37.53 | 38.04 | 37.39 | 1.08 | 0.97 |
| A/G | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 0.72 |
| UREA(mmol/ml) | 3.10 | 3.45 | 3.30 | 0.11 | 0.44 |
| CR (µmol/L) | 71.16 | 67.50 | 70.36 | 2.13 | 0.78 |
| UA(µmol/L) | 25.85 | 28.56 | 30.49 | 1.94 | 0.64 |
| TBil(µmol/L) | 11.05 | 9.82 | 9.82 | 0.53 | 0.46 |
| DBil(µmol/L) | 2.28 | 2.03 | 2.40 | 0.09 | 0.21 |
| IBiL(µmol/L) | 8.78 | 7.79 | 9.00 | 0.45 | 0.53 |
| TG(mmol/ml) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.004 | 0.74 |
| TC(mmol/ml) | 6.03 | 5.95 | 6.71 | 0.26 | 0.46 |
| GSH-PX (U/ml) | 669.0 | 661.5 | 687.8 | 12.48 | 0.70 |
| MDA(nmol/ml) | 12.42 | 12.77 | 8.02 | 1.18 | 0.19 |
| SOD(U/ml) | 106.9 | 108.9 | 107.4 | 0.81 | 0.57 |
| SOD/ MDA | 10.32 | 11.8 | 15.63 | 1.31 | 0.24 |
| T-AOC(U/ml) | 2.40a | 2.39b | 3.52b | 0.26 | 0.009 |
| IgG (µg/ml) | 13.67 | 18.75 | 13.75 | 2.13 | 0.56 |
| IgA (ng/ml) | 59.43 | 50.82 | 53.57 | 4.46 | 0.43 |
| IgM (ng/ml) | 22.40 | 23.42 | 22.30 | 1.95 | 0.93 |
Notes.
Control group (uncontaminated cottonseed), 50% replacement group (50% of the uncontaminated cottonseed replaced with cottonseed contaminated with mycotoxins), and 100% replacement group (100% of the uncontaminated cottonseed replaced with cottonseed contaminated with mycotoxins).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, -glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; TP, total protein; ALB, albumin; GLOB, globulin; A/G, albumin/ globulin; UREA, urea; CR, creatinine; UA, uric acid; TBil, total bilirubin; DBil, directed bilirubin; IBiL, indirect bilirubin; TG, total triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; GSH-PX, glutathione peroxidase; MDA, malondialdehyde; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; SOD, superoxide Dismutase; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M.
Probability associated with the F-test based on differences between treatments.
Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05) according to Tukeys test.