Table 3.

Response of MoDC to stimulation by TLR ligands and cytokines

	MHCII	CD80/86	endo- cytosis	T-cell activation	Cytokine secretion	References
TLR/RLR ligands
LPS	↑	↑	↓	↑	TNF-α IL-6, IL-10a, IL-12a, IL-13a, IFN-γa	[23], [27], [35], [87]
Pam-3-Cys	↑	↑	↓	n.d.b	IL-6	[35], [75]
LTA	↑	↑	n.d.	n.d.	IL-10a, IL-12a, IL-13a, IFN-γa	[27]
Peptidogycan	↑	↑	n.d.	n.d.	IL-12a	[27]
CpG	↑	↑	n.d.	n.d.	IL-12p35a, IFN-γa	[27]
PolyIC	↑	↑	↓	↑	INF-αβIL-6, IL-12a, IFN-γa	[36], [75], [87]
PolyIC tfc	↑	↑	n.d.	n.d.	INF-αβ	[36]
mRNA tf	↑	↑↑	n.d.	↑	INF-αβ	[36]
pDNA tf	↑	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	IL-12	[26]
Other microbial components
CTd	↓	↑	↓	↓↓	TNF-α↓, IL-10	[34]
LTe	↓	↑	=	n.d.	n.d.	[75]
Actinobacillus	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	IL-6, IL-10, IL-12	[26]
Fusarium toxin	=	↓	↓	=	IL-10↓	[121]
Cytokines, cytokine/TLR ligand cocktails
TNF-α	=	↑	n.d.	↑↑	n.d.	[64]
TNF-α/LPS	↑↑	↑↑	↓	↑		[34]
IFN-α/pIC	↑↑	↑↑	↓	n.d.	n.d.	[64]
IFN-α/TNF-α	↑↑	↑↑	↓	↑	n.d.	[64]
IFN-α/TNF-α/TLR ligand	↑↑↑	↑↑↑	↓	n.d.	n.d.	[35], [64]

^amRNA levels analysed.

^bNot determined.

^cTransfection.

^dCholera toxin.

^eHeat-labile enterotoxin (E. Coli).