Table 6.
Potential of nanoparticle/microparticle-based vaccine and adjuvant delivery systems for application in the porcine field.
| Delivery vehicle | Vaccine antigen | Vaccine adjuvant | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitosan-nanoparticles | Pasteurella multocida and CSFV* | Porcine IL-2 gene + CpG-ODN; (DNA)* | [112] |
| Chitosan-nanoparticles encapsulating IL-2 gene | Porcine paratyphoid vaccine* | Porcine IL-2 gene (DNA)* | [90] |
| Chitosan-nanoparticles decorated with CpG-ODN | Porcine paratyphoid vaccine* | CpG-ODN (DNA)* | [113] |
| PLGA microspheres | IgY (model protein for oral vaccine delivery) | None (oral vaccination) | [222] |
| PLGA (200 nm) plus dimethyl-dioctadecyl-ammonium bromide cationic surfactant. | DNA (anionic): surface coated on to particles | None (in reconstituted gastric mucus) | [223] |
| Negative-charged fluorescent particles (50–500 nm) | None (testing transcutaneous delivery) | None (applied to pig skin in diffusion chambers) | [116] |
| Enteric-coated polymers (AQ6) | Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia | None (oral) | |
| Alum (sub-cutaneous) | [224] | ||
| Starch microparticles | Ovalbumin (surface coated on to particles) | None (applied to porcine nasal mucosa in vitro) | [225] |
| Microspheres from enteric-coating material (aqueous acrylic polymer) plus talc and glycerol | Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae | None (oral vaccination) | [226] |
| Nanoparticles and microbeads compared | Trichinella spiralis L1 muscular larvae. | Various adjuvants compared | [227] |
| Bioadhesive intranasal delivery system (esterified hyaluronic microspheres) | Influenza virus vaccine H1N1. | Mucosal adjuvants LTK63 and LTR72 (detoxified heat-labile enterotoxin) | [228] |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | None (testing particle uptake) | None (testing transcytosis by M cells) | [229]. |
| Gold particles | Influenza virus (H1N1) DNA vaccine | None (gene gun-based DNA vaccination) | [114] |
| Microspheres | Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae | Priming with adjuvanted, boosting with encapsulated antigen | [230] |
*
Immunised mice with a porcine vaccine and/or porcine cytokine-based adjuvant.