Table 1.
Prevalence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in European studies 2000–2019
| Country | Year | Population | Method | Detection rate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | 2000–2001 | 302 healthy, non-vaccinated dogs ≥2 years old | Bb specific IgG in serum by ELISA | 22.0% | Eglund et al. (2003) |
| Germany | 1989–2011 | 493 dogs with CIRDC | Bb in BALF by culture | 5.2% | Rheinwald et al. (2015) |
| Austria | 1997–2007 | 68 dogs with pneumonia | Bb in lung samples by IHC | 14.7% | Woehrer et al. (2016) |
| Germany | 2004–2009 | 84 dogs with CIRDC | Bb in BALF by culture | 20.2% | Steinfeld et al. (2012) |
| EU | 2008–2010 | 215 dogs with CIRDC | Bb by culture | 22.8% | Morrissey et al. (2016) |
| Italy | Not recorded | 50 dogs with CIRDC | Bb in throat swabs by RT-PCR | 52.0% | Corona et al. (2013) |
| Germany | 2011–2012 | 61 dogs with CIRDC 90 healthy dogs |
Bb in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR | 78.7% 45.6% |
Schulz et al. (2014b) |
| Italy | 2011–2013 | 78 dogs with CIRDC | Bb in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR | 10.3% | Decaro et al. (2016) |
| Austria | 2013–2015 | 214 dogs with CIRDC 50 healthy dogs |
Bb in nasal and throat swabs by PCR and culture | 3.3% 0.0% |
Stejskal et al. (2017) |
| Poland | 2014–2015 | 40 dogs with CIRDC | Bb in URT swabs and tracheal fluid by PCR | 30.0% | Kaczorek et al. (2016) |
| Belgium | 2009–2016 | 24 dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumonia 21 dogs with chronic bronchitis 15 healthy dogs |
Bb in BALF by qPCR | 25.0% 10.0% 13.0% |
Canonne et al. (2018) |
| UK | 2016–2019 | 1,602 canine respiratory samples | Bb in samples by qPCR | 12.9–17.3% | Singleton et al. (2019) |
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Bb, Bordetella bronchiseptica; CIRDC, canine infectious respiratory disease complex; ELISA, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; EU, European Union; IHC, immunohistochemistry; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; UK, United Kingdom; URT, upper respiratory tract.