Table 10.
Prevalence of streptococci in European studies 2000–2019
| Country | Year | Population | Method | Detection rate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK and Ireland | 1998–2000 1999–2001 |
71 client-owned dogs with respiratory signs 209 humanely destroyed kennelled dogs |
Streptococcus spp. in BALF by culture | 1.4% 23.9% |
Chalker et al., (2003a) |
| Germany | 1989–2011 | 493 client-owned dogs with respiratory signs | Streptococcus spp. in BALF by culture | 30.7% | Rheinwald et al. (2015) |
| Italy | 2011–2013 | 78 dogs with CIRDC | S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus in nasal and oropharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR | 0.0% | Decaro et al. (2016) |
BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; CIRDC, canine infectious respiratory disease; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.