Table 2.

Prevalence of canine adenovirus type 2 in European studies 2000–2019

Country	Year	Population	Method	Detection rate	Reference
UK	Not recorded	95 vaccinated shelter dogs	CAV-2 in tracheal and lung samples by RT-PCR	0.0%	Erles et al. (2004)
Austria	1997–2007	68 dogs with pneumonia	CAV-2 in lung samples by ISH	0.0%	Woehrer et al. (2016)
Austria	2013–2015	214 dogs with CIRDC 50 healthy dogs	CAV-2 in nasal and tonsil swabs by RT-PCR	0.5%	Hiebl et al. (2019)
Germany	2011–2012	61 dogs with CIRDC 90 healthy dogs	CAV-2 in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR	0.0% 1.1%	Schulz et al. (2014b)
Italy	2012	Four dogs with respiratory signs 28 healthy dogs 19 dogs with signs other than respiratory signs	CAV-2 in rectal swabs and urine samples by PCR	100% 50.0% 63.2%	Balboni et al. (2014)
Italy	2011–2013	78 dogs with CIRDC	CAV-2 in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR	0.0%	Decaro et al. (2016)
Finland	2011–2013	20 dogs with bacterial pneumonia 13 dogs with chronic Bb infection	CAV-2 in BALF/TTW by RT-PCR	0.0% 0.0%	Viitanen et al. (2015)
Poland	2014–2015	40 dogs with CIRDC	CAV-2 in URT swabs and tracheal lavage fluid by PCR	0.0%	Kaczorek et al. (2016)

BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Bb, Bordetella bronchiseptica; CAV-2, canine adenovirus type 2; CIRDC, canine infectious respiratory disease complex; ISH, in-situ hybridization; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; TTW, transtracheal wash; URT, upper respiratory tract.