Table 4.

Prevalence of canine herpesvirus in European studies 2000–2019

Country	Year	Population	Method	Detection rate	Reference
UK	Not recorded	211 humanely destroyed shelter dogs	CHV in tracheal samples by RT-PCR CHV in lung samples by RT-PCR	12.8% 9.6%	Erles et al. (2004)
UK	2001–2002	54 dogs in kennel (A) with CIRDC 26 dogs in kennel (B) with CIRDC	CHV in tonsillar swabs by RT-PCR	0.0% 0.0%	Erles and Brownlie (2005)
Slovakia	Not recorded	20 dogs with CIRDC 10 healthy dogs	CHV-specific antibodies in sera by ELISA	60.0% 0.0%	Vojtek et al. (2010)
Germany	2011–2012	90 healthy dogs 61 dogs with CIRDC	CHV in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR	0.0% 0.0%	Schulz et al. (2014b)
Italy	2011–2013	78 dogs with CIRDC	CHV in nasal and pharyngeal swabs by RT-PCR	0.0%	Decaro et al. (2016)
Finland	2011–2013	20 dogs with bacterial pneumonia 13 dogs with chronic Bb infection	CHV in BALF/TTW by RT-PCR	0.0% 0.0%	Viitanen et al. (2015)
Poland	2014–2015	40 dogs with CIRDC	CHV in URT swabs and tracheal lavage fluid by PCR	80.0%	Kaczorek et al. (2016)

BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Bb, Bordetella bronchiseptica; CHV, canine herpesvirus; CIRDC, canine infectious respiratory disease complex; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase PCR; TTW, transtracheal wash; URT, upper respiratory tract.