Table 2.

Comparative testing of commercially available DBM products.

Reference	Animal model	Materials tested	Comments
Schwartz et al. [74]	Ectopic bone formation in nude mice	14 lots of DBM from six different processors	Samples from three banks formed bone after 1 month and samples from two banks formed bone after 2 months. Samples from one bank failed to from new bone.
Bostrom et al. [47]	Ectopic bone formation in athymic rats	Grafton Dynagraft Osteofil, Opteform	Toxicity associated with the glycerol carrier used in Grafton confounded the comparative analysis
Takikawa et al. [75]	Ectopic bone formation in athymic rats	Grafton Osteofil Rat DBM	No significant differences in bone formation
Oakes et al. [76]	Femoral defects in athymic rats	Grafton DBX	No significant differences in radiographic scores Endochondral ossification more prominent in DBX
Bomback et al [77]	Single level interprocess spinal fusions: athymic rats	Grafton OP-1 Autograft	OP-1 promoted 100% fusion rates at 3 and 6 weeks while Grafton promoted 13% and 33% respectively.
Peterson et al. [78]	Spinal fusion in athymic rats	Grafton DBX Allomatrix	Manual palpation after 8 weeks: 6 of 6 fusions for Grafton 3 of 6 fusions for DBX
Acarturk and Hollinger [79]	Critical sized defects in athymic rats	Allomatrix, DBM Grafton Dynagraft DBX Regenafil	Statistically significant differences observed between DBM preparations; less new bone was observed with Allomatrix; Meshplate: Dynagraft; and Regenafil.