Table 5.
Selected reports on nucleic acid delivery with magnetic nanoparticles in vivo.
| Route of administration | (Target) tissue/organ | Animal species | Nucleic acid type | Magnetic nanoparticle composition | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Localized | Intestine | Rat | DNA | transMAG-PEI (chemicell) + PEI + DNA | [14] |
| Systemic | Blood vessel endothelium, swine | Swine | DNA | transMAG-PEI (chemicell) + PEI + DNA | [14] |
| Systemic | Blood vessel endothelium | Mouse | Antisense ODN | Polymag particles + antisense oligonucleotides | [17] |
| Systemic | Blood vessel endothelium | Rabbit | DNA | transMAG-PEI (chemicell) + DNA | [12] |
| Systemic | Brain | Mouse | DNA | ION-PLL. No magnetic targeting involved. | [267] |
| Localized | Liver | Mouse | DNA | HVJ-E/maghemite | [262] |
| Localized | Feline fibrosarcoma | Cat | DNA tumor vaccine | transMAG-PEI (chemicell) + DNA | [258], [259], [263] |
| Localized | Synovial membrane authors demonstrate tolerability of magnetic field-guided gene delivery | Sheep | DNA | MNP-PEI + DNA | [254] |
| Localized | Nasal epithelium | Mouse | DNA | TransMAG(PEI) + Lipofectamine 2000 or cationic lipid 67 (GL67)/plasmid | [264] |
| Localized | Lung via airways | Mouse | DNA | Magnetic aerosol comprising DNA | [252] |
| Systemic | Orthotopic mouse models: lateral 9l-gfp or 9l-rfp tumors; human colorectal carcinoma tumors (ls174t) | Mouse | siRNA against various targets | [23], [98] | |
| Localized | Intramuscular injection of a magnetic genetic vaccine leads to enhanced immune response | Mouse | Antigen-encoding DNA | PEI coated on the surface of bacterial magnetic nanoparticles (BMPs) | [266] |
| Localized | Intramuscular injection of a magnetic genetic vaccine leads to enhanced immune response | Mouse, rabbit | DNA | PEI-coated MNP | [267] |
| Localized | Mouse | Adenovirus | Hexanoyl chloride-modified chitosan (Nac-6) stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (Nac-6-IOPs) | [66] | |
| Systemic | Lung heart | Mouse | DNA | PEI–DNA covalently bound to MNP | [108] |
| Systemic | Magnetic targeting of hvj-e to the head. Passive accumulation in liver and spleen | Rat | Hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelopes (HVJ-Es) | Feridex IV SPIO incorporated in HVJ-E | [253] |
| Systemic (i.v.) | Transfected monocytes targeted to pc3 tumor xenografts in nude mice | Mouse | Transfected, magnetic particle-loaded monocytes | Magnetic nanoparticles from Sigma or Spherotech | [115] |
| Localized (intracranial, convection-enhanced delivery) | Brain, glioblastoma model no magnetic field applied | Mouse | siRNA | Dendrimer-conjugated nanoworm | [95] |
| Systemic (i.v.) | Liver (hepatocytes) | Mouse | DNA (reporter gene) siRNA | (SPIO)-comprised in water-soluble chitosan (WSC)-linoleic acid (LA) nanoparticles (SCLNs). No magnetic targeting involved. | [251] |
| Systemic (i.a.) | Magnetic targeting to liver. Magnetic positioning of transduced endothelial cells to intima of injured common carotid arteries | Mouse | Lentivirus | Lentivirus complexes with CombiMAG and transMAG MNP (chemicell) | [53] |
| Systemic (i.v.) | c6 rat glioma xenograft tumors in nu/nu mice | Mouse | DNA (reporter gene) | NP-CP-PEI: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle coated with a copolymer of short chain polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafted to chitosan (CP), | [33] |
| Systemic (i.v.) | mkn-74 and nugc-4 gastric adenocarcinoma xenograft implanted s.c. in nude mice | Mouse | DNA (reporter genes), siRNA | LipoMag, consists of an oleic acid-coated magnetic nanocrystal core and a cationic lipid shell | [63] |
| Systemic | Pulmonary metastasis mouse model. | Mouse | DNA (therapeutic and reporter gene) | IONP-PLL as gene carriers to deliver the NM23-H1 gene. No magnetic targeting involved. | [261] |
| Systemic | Targeting to liver | Rat | DNA (reporter gene) | Fluid MAG-T (aqueous dispersion of magnetite Fe2O3; tartaric acid matrix; mean diameter, 20 nm) with DC-Chol and DOPE and DNA | [65] |
| Localized (i.t.) | Human glioblastoma u251-mg cells and in nude mouse models | Mouse | DNA (siRNA expression plasmid directed against EGF receptor) | Bacterial magnetic nanoparticles (BMP) conjugated with PAMAM dendrimer and Tat peptide | [255] |
| Localized | Skinflap model | Rat | DNA (encoding reporter gene or VEGF) | Magnetic microbubbles | [257] |
| Systemic | c6 rat glioma xenograft tumors in nu/nu mice | Mouse | DNA (reporter gene) or siRNA | MNP coated with a copolymer of chitosan, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyethylenimine (PEI). DNA or siRNA was bound to these nanoparticles, and CTX was then attached using a short PEG linker. | [73] |
| Systemic (i.v.) | Human breast adenocarcinoma xenograft model | Mouse | siRNA | MN-EPPT-siBIRC5 consists of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, the dye Cy 5.5, peptides (EPPT) that specifically target uMUC-1, and a synthetic siRNA that targets the tumor-specific antiapoptotic gene BIRC5 | [260] |
| Localized (intrathecal injection) | Rat spinal cord | Rat | DNA (reporter genes) | Gene transfer complexes were generated by mixing polyethylenimine-coated cationic magnetic iron beads with plasmid DNA, followed by addition of a bis(cysteinyl) histidine-rich Tat peptide. | [71] |
| Localized (intratumoral) | Human pancreatic carcinoma (epp85-181rdb) xenograft in nude mice | Mouse | Oncolytic adenovirus | Magnetite core (ca. 10 nm) stabilized by a shell containing 68 mass % lithium 3-[2-(perfluoroalkyl)ethylthio]propionate) and 32 mass % 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine | [55] |
| Systemic (i.a.) | Dorsal skinfold chamber model | Mouse | DNA (reporter gene) | Magnetic microbubbles | [86] |
| Localized | Ventricle of mouse embryonic brain | Mouse | Adenovirus | Biotinylated adenovirus attached to streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticle | [256] |