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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2019 Dec 12;158(5):1402–1416.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.295

Figure 6. lactotrehalose reduces toxin and rectal inflammatory gene expression following CD027 infection in vivo.

Figure 6.

A. Experimental design for CD027 infection and analysis. B. Quantification of CD027:total 16S ribosomal DNA ratio in stool from mice 96 h after CD027 infection following pre-treatment with or without trehalose or lactotrehalose (3% in water, ad libitum administered 2d prior to infection). C. ELISA-based C difficile Toxin A and B quantification in cecal contents from mice 72 h after CD027 infection following pre-treatment with or without trehalose or lactotrehalose (3% in water, ad libitum administered 2d prior to infection). D. and E. qRT-PCR quantification of treA and stool inflammatory marker gene expression in mice 96 h after CD027 infection following pre-treatment with or without trehalose or lactotrehalose. Marker gene expression was normalized against total 16S expression in each sample. F. Rectal tissue inflammatory marker gene mRNA expression by qRT-PCR analysis from mice infected with CD027 treated with or without trehalose or lactotrehalose. *, **, ***, ****, P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001 by two-tailed t-test with Bonferroni-Dunn post hoc correction for multiple comparisons.