TABLE 3.

Predictors of GERD severity among those symptomatic in the past week (n=19,435^a).

Variable	GERD PROMIS percentile score (0–100)b	β coefficientc	p-valuec
Age:
18–29 y	56.7 [55.9–57.5]	reference	reference
30–39 y	55.6 [54.8–56.3]	−2.52	<.001
40–49 y	53.7 [52.7–54.7]	−5.96	<.001
50–59 y	48.6 [47.5–49.7]	−11.94	<.001
≥60 y	44.7 [41.6–47.7]	−16.14	<.001
Gender:
Female	52.9 [51.9–53.8]	reference	reference
Male	50.6 [49.4–51.7]	−1.70	.01
Race/ethnicity:
Non-Hispanic white	50.2 [49.7–50.8]	reference	reference
Non-Hispanic black	50.1 [47.5–52.8]	−0.25	.85
Latino	58.7 [55.5–61.8]	7.34	<.001
Asian	53.3 [50.0–56.6]	3.66	.02
Other	54.0 [51.2–56.9]	2.85	.06
Education level:
Did not graduate high school	58.6 [55.5–61.6]	reference	reference
High school graduate	53.0 [51.5–54.6]	−3.88	.02
Some college	52.1 [50.8–53.3]	−5.53	.001
College graduate	51.2 [50.0–52.4]	−7.10	<.001
Graduate degree	49.0 [46.3–51.7]	−8.35	<.001
Marital status:
Single	51.3 [50.2–52.4]	reference	reference
Divorced, separated, or widowed	49.5 [46.7–52.3]	3.11	.01
Married or in long term relationship	52.6 [51.8–53.4]	3.12	<.001
Employment status:
Unemployedd	50.1 [48.8–51.4]	reference	reference
Employed or full-time student	53.1 [52.2–53.9]	1.20	.15
Total household income:
$0–50,000	52.8 [51.7–53.9]	reference	reference
$50,001–100,000	52.3 [51.1–53.5]	0.28	.70
$100,001–200,000	49.1 [47.6–50.6]	−2.17	.02
≥$200,001	52.1 [45.4–58.7]	1.64	.56
Prefer not to say	44.4 [40.7–48.1]	−6.10	.002
Irritable bowel syndrome	60.5 [57.5–63.5]	7.66	<.001
Chronic idiopathic constipation	69.0 [60.9–77.2]	6.56	.07
Gastrointestinal cancer	73.8 [58.7–88.8]	11.88	.06
Celiac disease	68.7 [62.5–74.9]	5.81	.03
Cirrhosis	73.9 [68.2–79.7]	11.67	<.001
Crohn’s disease	69.5 [63.9–75.1]	8.30	<.001
Ulcerative colitis	58.3 [43.6–73.0]	4.09	.49
Diabetes	53.5 [51.3–55.7]	2.76	.02
Endometriosis	59.3 [56.7–61.9]	3.91	.004
Gallstones	55.2 [52.7–57.7]	1.77	.18
HIV/AIDS	57.0 [45.2–68.8]	6.36	.37
Pancreatitis	58.9 [53.7–64.1]	1.61	.50
Peptic ulcer disease	57.3 [54.1–60.5]	2.88	.07
Thyroid disease	54.9 [52.6–57.2]	3.45	.006
PPI use:
Not taking	49.9 [49.1–50.7]	reference	reference
Less than daily use	65.3 [62.5–68.1]	14.21	<.001
Daily use	55.2 [53.1–57.3]	8.84	<.001
Unknown frequency of use	60.2 [43.5–76.9]	−1.82	.81
Histamine-2 receptor blocker use:
Not taking	50.8 [50.0–51.5]	reference	reference
Less than daily use	60.6 [57.3–63.8]	9.35	<.001
Daily use	60.8 [57.1–64.5]	12.46	<.001
Unknown frequency of use	68.4 [58.3–78.6]	14.63	.01
Antacid use:
Not taking	51.5 [50.7–52.2]	reference	reference
Less than daily use	52.6 [49.9–55.2]	4.44	<.001
Daily use	63.2 [59.6–66.8]	14.50	<.001
Unknown frequency of use	59.5 [47.4–71.6]	3.21	.56

Data are presented as survey-weighted mean [95% confidence interval].

GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System.

^a3,604 out of 23,039 individuals with GERD in the past 7 days had missing medication data, so the analyses was performed among 19,435 respondents.

^bHigher score equals more severe symptoms.

^cThe linear regression model included all variables listed in the table above.

^dIncludes those who reported being unemployed, on disability, on leave of absence from work, retired, or homemaker.